pgsql: Add TAP tests to check replication slot advance during the check

Add TAP tests to check replication slot advance during the checkpoint

The new tests verify that logical and physical replication slots are still
valid after an immediate restart on checkpoint completion when the slot was
advanced during the checkpoint.

This commit introduces two new injection points to make these tests possible:

* checkpoint-before-old-wal-removal - triggered in the checkpointer process
just before old WAL segments cleanup;
* logical-replication-slot-advance-segment - triggered in
LogicalConfirmReceivedLocation() when restart_lsn was changed enough to
point to the next WAL segment.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/1d12d2-67235980-35-19a406a0%4063439497
Author: Vitaly Davydov <v(dot)davydov(at)postgrespro(dot)ru>
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas(at)vondra(dot)me>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit(dot)kapila16(at)gmail(dot)com>
Backpatch-through: 17

Branch
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REL_17_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/32ab0fd55da5b667a25e56bd74e258bb8eca6cf3

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c | 4 +
src/backend/replication/logical/logical.c | 18 +++
src/test/recovery/meson.build | 2 +
src/test/recovery/t/046_checkpoint_logical_slot.pl | 139 +++++++++++++++++++++
.../recovery/t/047_checkpoint_physical_slot.pl | 133 ++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 296 insertions(+)