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Thermal power plant
Thermal power plants generate electricity by burning coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. They are a major source of electricity in many countries. In India, thermal power plants make up 75% of electricity generation. Coal is pulverized and burned in a boiler to heat water into steam. The high-pressure steam spins turbines that power generators to produce electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser using cooling water from cooling towers before being returned to the boiler as feedwater to repeat the process. While thermal plants provide reliable base-load power, they also produce significant air pollution and carbon emissions.
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Thermal power plant
- 2. Introduction Definition Block diagram Main equipment’s Explanationof equipment’s Advantages Dis-advantages
- 3. Thermal power plantconverts heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine. Thermal power plants contribute maximum to the generation of power for any country. Thermal power plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive and non captive power generation in India. In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary source of energy.
- 4. A generating stationwhich converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as thermal power station.
- 6. Coal handlingplants Pulverizing plant Draft fans Boiler Ash handling plant Turbine Alternator Condenser Cooling towers and ponds Feed water heater Economizer Super heater and re-heater Air pre-heater
- 7. The functionof coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to boiler furnace. A thermal power plant burns enormous amounts of coal. A 200 MW plant may require around 2000 tons of coal daily.
- 8. Pulverizing isa means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and consequently helping combustion. Ground to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air.
- 9. • The circulationof air is caused by difference in Pressure known as DRAFT. • Draft is a differential pressure b/w atmosphere and inside the boiler. • It is necessary to cause the flow of gasses through boiler setting it may be – 1. Natural draft 2. Mechanical draft
- 10. A boileris closed vessel in which water under pressure, is converted into steam. It is one of the major component of a thermal power plant. Always designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in the process of combustion. boilers are two type- 1. Fire tube boiler 2. Water tube boiler
- 11. The percentageof ash in coal varies from 5% in good quality coal to about 40% in poor quality coal power plants generally use poor quality of coal. Thus amount of ash produced by it very large. A modern 2000MW plant produces about 5000 tons of ash daily. The station use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to dump sites directly or for carrying and loading it to trucks and waggons which transport it to the site of disposal
- 12. A steamturbine heat energy of steam into mechanical energy and drives the generator. It is use the principal that steam when issuing from a small opening attains a high velocity. There are two types of turbine- 1. Impulse turbine 2. Reaction turbine
- 13. Alternator convertmechanical energy of turbine into electrical energy. Turbine and alternator are mechanical coupled with each other The electrical output from the alternator is delivered to the bus bar through transformer.
- 14. Steam afterrotating steam turbine comes to condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger installed at outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power station of utility companies generally. These condenser are heat exchanger which converts steam from it gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase transition.
- 15. A condenserneeds huge quantity of water to condense the steam. Most plant use a closed cooling system warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reused. Cooling tower is a steal or concrete hyperbolic structure having a reservoir at the base.
- 16. 1. Fuel costof thermal power plant is relatively low. 2. We can produce thermal energy almost every where in the world. 3. Heat production System is simple compared to other system. 4. Overall system cost effective. 5. Easy mechanism. 6. Same heat could be reused. 7. Easier Maintenance of power station. 8. Thermal power plant requires comparatively small space to be installed.
- 17. 1. Huge productionof Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. 2. Exhausted gases harms outside environment badly. 3. Low overall efficiency. 4. Thermal engines requires huge amount of lubricating oil that is very expensive. 5. Nuclear thermal power plant demands excessive amount of water for cooling purpose. 6. Coal type thermal power plant requires comparatively larger duration before it supply generated power to the grid. 7. This type of power station ultimately responsible for raise in sea water level.
- 18. Thermal powerplants are goods that produce electricity. As demand for electrical power increases throughout the world, various plants intends to continue to strive to supply power plants that provide reliability, high performance and low price in accordance with the need of customers.
- 20.