Ettringite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Ettringite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite, etc.

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Ettringite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite, etc.

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Ettringite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite, etc.

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

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About EttringiteHide

Old quarries

Ettringer Feld, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Formula:

Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O

Colour:

Colourless; colourless in transmitted light; yellow

Hardness:

2 - 2½

Specific Gravity:

1.77

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Ettringite Group

Name:

After the type locality at Ettringen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Mayener Feld, Mayen, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
ⓘ Ettringer Feld, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Ettringite Group.

Although it is generally assumed that a solid solution series between ettringite and thaumasite exists, both species have different space groups and a possible discontinuity was identified, characterised by a gap in the a-dimension of the solid-solution phases (Barnett et al., 2000). Further work showed a miscibility gap in the solid solution (Barnett et al., 2003): ettringite can accept the replacement of 1/2 its Al by Si, while thaumasite tolerates little or no Al in its structure.

The Al analogue of bentorite. The S (sulfate) analogue of siwaqaite.

Well-known as a synthetic phase in concrete.
Has been discussed as a potential phase for immobilisation of toxic metals.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Ettringite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1414

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1414:0

IMA Classification of EttringiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ca₆Al₂(S⁶⁺O₄)₃(OH)₁₂·27H₂O

Classification of EttringiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

7.DG.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H₂O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO₃, CO₃, B(OH)₄, SiO₄ or IO₃

Dana 8th ed.:

31.10.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

25.4.13

25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ett	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of EttringiteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of EttringiteHide

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colourless; colourless in transmitted light; yellow

Comment:

Turns white upon partial dehydration.

Hardness:

2 - 2½ on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Perfect
On {1010}, perfect.

Density:

1.77 g/cm³ (Measured) 1.76 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of EttringiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.491 n_ε = 1.47

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Moderate (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.

Thickness: 30 µm

Comments:

Becomes uniaxial positive on dehydration.

Chemistry of EttringiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	63.737 %
Ca	19.159 %
S	7.664 %
H	5.140 %
Al	4.300 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, H, O, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of EttringiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal

Space Group:

P31c

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.23 Å, c = 21.44 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.909

Unit Cell V:

2,341.61 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals small and prismatic [0001], commonly without terminal faces.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0020840	Ettringite	Gatta G D, Halenius U, Bosi F, Canadillas-Delgado L, Fernandez-Diaz M T (2019) Minerals in cement chemistry: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study of ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12?27H2O American Mineralogist 104 73-78	2019	NChwaning mine, Kuruman, South Africa	293
0017886	Ettringite	Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2006) Refined ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)1226H2O) structure for quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis* Powder Diffraction 21 4-11	2006	synthetic	293
0012178	Ettringite	Hartman M R, Berliner R (2006) Investigation of the structure of ettringite by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction techniques Cement and Concrete Research 36 364-370	2006	synthetic	293
0009368	Ettringite	Moore A E, Taylor H F W (1970) Crystal structure of ettringite Acta Crystallographica B26 386-393	1970	Scawt Hill, Northern Ireland	293
0014674	Ettringite	Moore A, Taylor H F W (1968) Crystal structure of ettringite Nature 218 1048-1049	1968	Scawt Hill, Northern Ireland	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Ettringite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Gatta G D'
'Halenius U'
'Bosi F'
'Canadillas-Delgado L'
'Fernandez-Diaz M T'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 104 
_journal_year 2019
_journal_page_first 73
_journal_page_last 78
_publ_section_title
;
 Minerals in cement chemistry: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study
 of ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12?27H2O
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020840
_chemical_compound_source 'NChwaning mine, Kuruman, South Africa'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Al2 Ca6 O51 H66 S3'
_cell_length_a 11.1710
_cell_length_b 11.1710
_cell_length_c 21.3640
_cell_angle_alpha 90.00
_cell_angle_beta 90.00
_cell_angle_gamma 120.00
_cell_volume 2308.858
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      1.831
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 3 1 c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2+z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Al1   0.00000   0.00000  -0.01950   1.00000   0.00310
Al2   0.00000   0.00000   0.23270   1.00000   0.00330
Ca1   0.00650   0.81020   0.85650   1.00000   0.01440
Ca2   0.98710   0.18180   0.10690   1.00000   0.00550
O-H1   0.99270   0.13060   0.92714   1.00000   0.00920
O-H2   0.00930   0.86960   0.03658   1.00000   0.00890
O-H3  -0.00140   0.13320   0.78580   1.00000   0.00590
O-H4   0.00720   0.86940   0.17640   1.00000   0.01180
OW5  -0.01110   0.33350   0.02487   1.00000   0.01210
OW6   0.01030   0.66260   0.93990   1.00000   0.01580
OW7   0.99430   0.33970   0.18770   1.00000   0.02060
OW8   0.99990   0.65320   0.77520   1.00000   0.01530
OW9   0.26360   0.40720   0.60549   1.00000   0.01270
OW10   0.74230   0.59480   0.36020   1.00000   0.01490
OW11   0.23920   0.40280   0.11240   1.00000   0.02900
OW12   0.75500   0.59510   0.85040   1.00000   0.01990
H1  -0.06850   0.58440   0.95390   1.00000   0.02960
H2   0.70930   0.54550   0.40090   1.00000   0.03340
H3   0.07310   0.41690   0.00960   1.00000   0.02310
H4   0.01190   0.80000   0.19880   1.00000   0.03000
H5   0.01510   0.80390   0.01440   1.00000   0.02310
H6   0.08240   0.64330   0.94420   1.00000   0.03430
H7  -0.08250   0.35960   0.01750   1.00000   0.02230
H8   0.98660   0.20400   0.94860   1.00000   0.03220
H10   0.72030   0.51670   0.87520   1.00000   0.04690
H11   0.07130   0.64500   0.75760   1.00000   0.04180
H12   0.92160   0.35880   0.19710   1.00000   0.03780
H13   0.92160   0.57170   0.76150   1.00000   0.05700
H14  -0.00140   0.20850   0.76500   1.00000   0.03040
H15   0.29560   0.46390   0.63900   1.00000   0.03440
H16   0.29750   0.46250   0.56980   1.00000   0.02740
H17   0.08160   0.41960   0.19630   1.00000   0.04550
H9   0.29650   0.36240   0.10700   1.00000   0.03740
H18   0.69500   0.62960   0.85260   1.00000   0.05800
H19   0.28510   0.49500   0.09580   1.00000   0.04240
H20   0.71750   0.51530   0.33030   1.00000   0.03960
S1   0.33333   0.66667   0.47560   1.00000   0.00350
O13   0.33333   0.66667   0.40580   1.00000   0.01250
O15   0.19380   0.62680   0.49952   1.00000   0.01280
S2   0.33333   0.66667   0.73040   1.00000   0.00370
O14   0.33333   0.66667   0.79970   1.00000   0.02170
O16   0.19190   0.62400   0.70760   1.00000   0.01860
S3   0.33333   0.66667  -0.01010   1.00000   0.01250
O17   0.33333   0.66667   0.05960   1.00000   0.01950
O18   0.19340   0.56680  -0.03250   1.00000   0.01590
OW19   0.19570   0.57310   0.24470   0.50000   0.04200
OW20   0.23940   0.53440   0.22990   0.50000   0.06600
H21   0.28650   0.59500   0.22790   0.50000   0.12600
H22   0.25790   0.47600   0.20150   0.50000   0.06200
H23   0.18790   0.52440   0.28440   0.50000   0.05300
H24   0.23200   0.49260   0.27120   0.50000   0.06900
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Al1 0.00310 0.00310 0.00310 0.00160 0.00000 0.00000
Al2 0.00350 0.00350 0.00300 0.00170 0.00000 0.00000
Ca1 0.01490 0.01430 0.01420 0.00740 0.00110 -0.00020
Ca2 0.00680 0.00480 0.00500 0.00300 0.00070 0.00040
O-H1 0.00980 0.00920 0.00800 0.00430 -0.00060 0.00050
O-H2 0.00930 0.00850 0.00830 0.00410 -0.00040 0.00080
O-H3 0.00650 0.00660 0.00400 0.00290 0.00010 -0.00070
O-H4 0.01250 0.01150 0.01100 0.00570 0.00040 -0.00080
OW5 0.01240 0.01240 0.01180 0.00650 -0.00030 0.00130
OW6 0.01570 0.01630 0.01530 0.00790 0.00030 0.00090
OW7 0.02180 0.02050 0.02070 0.01160 0.00050 -0.00100
OW8 0.01600 0.01530 0.01440 0.00770 0.00100 -0.00200
OW9 0.01250 0.01290 0.01280 0.00650 -0.00050 0.00030
OW10 0.01590 0.01410 0.01380 0.00690 -0.00070 0.00020
OW11 0.02910 0.02830 0.02870 0.01370 0.00000 -0.00010
OW12 0.02000 0.01960 0.01930 0.00940 -0.00020 -0.00040
H1 0.02820 0.02890 0.03100 0.01390 0.00040 0.00520
H2 0.03700 0.03300 0.02700 0.01510 0.00200 -0.00100
H3 0.02030 0.02260 0.02000 0.00580 0.00300 0.00700
H4 0.04000 0.02500 0.02900 0.01900 -0.00200 0.00600
H5 0.02670 0.02150 0.02180 0.01240 -0.00030 -0.00090
H6 0.03200 0.03600 0.04000 0.02100 -0.00100 0.00000
H7 0.02260 0.02490 0.02300 0.01480 0.00300 0.00800
H8 0.03680 0.03060 0.03200 0.01900 0.00050 -0.00290
H10 0.04700 0.04400 0.04800 0.02200 0.00200 0.00000
H11 0.04170 0.04230 0.04320 0.02230 0.00360 -0.00390
H12 0.03520 0.03910 0.04300 0.02180 0.00270 -0.00570
H13 0.05000 0.05700 0.06100 0.02400 0.00200 -0.00700
H14 0.03250 0.03060 0.03020 0.01730 -0.00110 0.00140
H15 0.03320 0.03460 0.03200 0.01430 0.00020 -0.00330
H16 0.02680 0.02800 0.02550 0.01240 0.00010 0.00190
H17 0.04530 0.04480 0.04430 0.02080 -0.00010 -0.00320
H9 0.04200 0.03500 0.03800 0.02080 0.00200 0.00000
H18 0.05900 0.05750 0.05790 0.02960 0.00100 0.00050
H19 0.04500 0.03800 0.04100 0.01840 0.00500 0.00100
H20 0.03830 0.03910 0.03620 0.01550 0.00170 -0.00220
S1 0.00350 0.00350 0.00340 0.00180 0.00000 0.00000
O13 0.01250 0.01250 0.01250 0.00630 0.00000 0.00000
O15 0.01250 0.01300 0.01280 0.00630 0.00050 -0.00050
S2 0.00380 0.00380 0.00350 0.00190 0.00000 0.00000
O14 0.02180 0.02180 0.02140 0.01090 0.00000 0.00000
O16 0.01810 0.01870 0.01780 0.00830 -0.00010 -0.00050
S3 0.01250 0.01250 0.01250 0.00630 0.00000 0.00000
O17 0.01960 0.01960 0.01920 0.00980 0.00000 0.00000
O18 0.01530 0.01610 0.01540 0.00710 -0.00020 -0.00020

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
9.73 Å	(100)
5.61 Å	(80)
3.88 Å	(50)
2.564 Å	(45)
2.209 Å	(45)
2.773 Å	(40)
4.69 Å	(35)

Comments:

Synthetic.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)	<0.36

Type Occurrence of EttringiteHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Mayener Feld, Mayen, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
ⓘ Ettringer Feld, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In cavities of metamorphosed limestone inclusions in a leucite-nepheline-tephrite rock.

Synonyms of EttringiteHide

Woodfordite

Other Language Names for EttringiteHide

Dutch:Ettringiet

German:Ettringit
Chalkomorphit

Russian:Эттрингит

Simplified Chinese:钙钒石

Spanish:Ettringita

Relationship of Ettringite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Ettringite Group

Other Members of Ettringite Group:

Bentorite	Ca₆Cr₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
Buryatite	Ca₃(Si,Fe³⁺,Al)(SO₄)B(OH)₄(OH,O)₆ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
Carraraite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Ge(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O	Hex.
Charlesite	Ca₆(Al,Si)₂(SO₄)₂[B(OH)₄](OH,O)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
Chiyokoite	Ca₃Si(CO₃)[B(OH)₄]O (OH)₅ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Hielscherite	Ca₃Si(SO₄)(SO₃)(OH)₆ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Imayoshiite	Ca₃Al(CO₃)[B(OH)₄](OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Jouravskite	Ca₃Mn⁴⁺(SO₄)(CO₃)(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Kottenheimite	Ca₃Si(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Micheelsenite	(Ca₂Y)Al(PO₃OH)(CO₃)(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Siwaqaite	Ca₆Al₂(CrO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
Sturmanite	Ca₆Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)_2.5[B(OH)₄](OH)₁₂ · 25H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
Tatarinovite	Ca₃Al(SO₄)[B(OH)₄](OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
'UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi'	Ca₆(Al,Si)₂(CO₃,SO₄)₂[B(OH)₄](OH,O)₁₂ · 26H₂O
'Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite)'	Ca₆Mn⁴⁺₂(SO₄)₂[B(OH)₄](OH)₁₀O₂ · nH₂O

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

114 photos of Ettringite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
56 photos of Ettringite associated with Oyelite	Ca₁₀Si₈B₂O₂₉ · 12.5H₂O
37 photos of Ettringite associated with Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄
33 photos of Ettringite associated with Gaudefroyite	Ca₄Mn³⁺_2-3(BO₃)₃(CO₃)(O,OH)₃
32 photos of Ettringite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
29 photos of Ettringite associated with Sturmanite	Ca₆Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)_2.5[B(OH)₄](OH)₁₂ · 25H₂O
28 photos of Ettringite associated with Hashemite	BaCr⁶⁺O₄
25 photos of Ettringite associated with Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
25 photos of Ettringite associated with Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
20 photos of Ettringite associated with Afwillite	Ca₃[SiO₄][SiO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.DG.	Mathesiusite	K₅(UO₂)₄(SO₄)₄(VO₅) · 4H₂O	Tet. 4/m : P4/n
7.DG.05	Darapskite	Na₃(SO₄)(NO₃) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.DG.10	Clinoungemachite	(Na, K, Fe, SO₄)	Mon. 2/m
7.DG.10	Humberstonite	Na₇K₃Mg₂(SO₄)₆(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
7.DG.10	Ungemachite	K₃Na₈Fe(SO₄)₆(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
7.DG.15	Chiyokoite	Ca₃Si(CO₃)[B(OH)₄]O (OH)₅ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.DG.15	Kottenheimite	Ca₃Si(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
7.DG.15	Hielscherite	Ca₃Si(SO₄)(SO₃)(OH)₆ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.DG.15	Jouravskite	Ca₃Mn⁴⁺(SO₄)(CO₃)(OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.DG.15	Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.DG.15	Bentorite	Ca₆Cr₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
7.DG.15	Carraraite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Ge(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O	Hex.
7.DG.15	Birunite	Ca₁₈(SiO₃)_8.5(CO₃)_8.5SO₄ · 15H₂O(?)
7.DG.15	Siwaqaite	Ca₆Al₂(CrO₄)₃(OH)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
7.DG.15	Buryatite	Ca₃(Si,Fe³⁺,Al)(SO₄)B(OH)₄(OH,O)₆ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
7.DG.15	Charlesite	Ca₆(Al,Si)₂(SO₄)₂[B(OH)₄](OH,O)₁₂ · 26H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
7.DG.15	Tatarinovite	Ca₃Al(SO₄)[B(OH)₄](OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.DG.15	Imayoshiite	Ca₃Al(CO₃)[B(OH)₄](OH)₆ · 12H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
7.DG.15	Sturmanite	Ca₆Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)_2.5[B(OH)₄](OH)₁₂ · 25H₂O	Trig. 3m : P31c
7.DG.20	Rapidcreekite	Ca₂(SO₄)(CO₃) · 4H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn
7.DG.25	Tatarskite	Ca₆Mg₂(SO₄)₂(CO₃)₂(OH)₄Cl₄ · 7H₂O	Orth.
7.DG.30	Nakauriite	Cu₈(SO₄)₄(CO₃)(OH)₆ · 48H₂O	Orth.
7.DG.35	Chessexite	(Na,K)₄Ca₂(Mg,Zn)₃Al₈(SO₄)₁₀(SiO₄)₂ · 40H₂O	Orth.
7.DG.40	Fuenzalidaite	K₆(Na,K)₄Na₆Mg₁₀(SO₄)₁₂(IO₃)₁₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
7.DG.40	Carlosruizite	K₆(Na,K)₄Na₆Mg₁₀(SeO₄)₁₂(IO₃)₁₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
7.DG.45	'Chelyabinskite'	(Ca,Mg)₃(SO₄,CO₃)₂[Si(OH)₆] · 9H₂O (?)	Orth.
7.DG.55	Ramazzoite	[Mg₈Cu₁₂(PO₄)(CO₃)₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₂₀][(H_0.33SO₄)₃(H₂O)₃₆]	Iso. 43m : P43m
7.DG.60	Witzkeite	Na₄K₄Ca(NO₃)₂(SO₄)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Readily soluble in dilute acids. Partially decomposed by water, rendering an alkaline solution.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for EttringiteHide

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

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References for EttringiteHide

Reference List:

Vom Rath, G. (1873) Über ein neues Mineral (Chalkomorphit) auf einem Einschluß in der Lava von Niedermendig. Annalen der Chemie und Physik, Ergänzungsband VI: 376-378.

Lehmann, J. (1874) Untersuchungen über die Einwirkung eines feurig-flüssigen basaltischen Magmas auf Gesteins- und Mineraleinschlüsse. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preußischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, in Kommission bei M. Cohen: 31: 1-40.

Lehmann, J. (1874) Über den Ettringit, ein neues Mineral in Kalkeinschlüssen der Lava von Ettringen (Laacher Gebiet). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie: 273-275.

Moses, A.J. (1893) Mineralogical notes. American Journal of Science: 45: 488-492.

Brauns, Reinhard (1922) Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete - Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Bildung und Umbildung. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.p.173

Bannister, F. A. (1936) Ettringite from Scawt Hill, Co. Antrim. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 24 (153) 324-329 doi:10.1180/minmag.1936.024.153.05

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.pp.589-590

Fleischer, M. (1959) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 44 (3-4). 464-470

Murdoch, J., Chalmers, R. A. (1960) Ettringite ("Woodfordite") from Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist, 45 (11-12) 1275-1278

Hurlbut, C. S., Baum, J. L. (1960) Ettringite from Franklin, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 45 (11-12) 1137-1143

McConnell, Duncan, Murdoch, Joseph (1962) Crystal chemistry of ettringite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (256) 59-64 doi:10.1180/minmag.1962.033.256.09

Carpenter, A. B. (1963) Oriented overgrowths of thaumasite on ettringite. American Mineralogist, 48 (11-12) 1394-1395

MOORE, A., TAYLOR, H. F. W. (1968) Crystal Structure of Ettringite. Nature, 218 (5146). 1048-1049 doi:10.1038/2181048a0

Moore, A. E., Taylor, H. F. W. (1970) Crystal structure of ettringite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 26 (4) 386-393 doi:10.1107/s0567740870002443

Taylor, H. F. W. (1973) Crystal structures of some double hydroxide minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (304). 377-389 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.304.01

von Kollmann, H., Strübel, G. (1981) Ettringite-thaumasite mixed crystals of Brenk. Chemie der Erde, 40. 110-120

Kumarathasan, P., McCarthy, G.J., Hassett, D.J., Pflughoeft-Hassett, D.F. (1990) Oxyanion substituted ettringites: synthesis and characterization; and their potential role in immobilization of arsenic, boron, chromium, selenium and vanadium. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 178 (Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products): 83-104.

Macleod, G., Hall, A. J. (1991) Whisker crystals of the mineral ettringite. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (3) 211-215 doi:10.1007/bf01166892

McCarthy, G.J., Hassett, D.J., Bender, J.A. (1992) Synthesis, crystal chemistry and stability of ettringite, a material with potential applications in hazardous waste immobilization. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.: 245: 129-140.

Myneni, Satish C.B., Traina, Samuel J., Waychunas, Glenn A., Logan, Terry J. (1998) Vibrational spectroscopy of functional group chemistry and arsenate coordination in ettringite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62 (21) 3499-3514 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00221-x

Barnett, S. J.; Adam, C. D.; Jackson, A. R. W. (2000) Solid solutions between ettringite, Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O, and thaumasite, Ca₃SiSO₄CO₃(OH)₆·12H₂O. Journal of Materials Science, 35 (16). 4109-4114 doi:10.1023/a:1004898623884

Barnett, S.J.; Adam, C.D.; Jackson, A.R.W. (2001) An XRPD profile fitting investigation of the solid solution between ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, and carbonate ettringite, Ca6Al2(CO3)3(OH)12·26H2O. Cement and Concrete Research, 31 (1). 13-17 doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00429-4

Grier, D.G., Jarabek, E.L., Peterson, R.B., Mergen, L.E., McCarthy, G.J. (2002) Rietveld structure refinement of carbonate and sulfite ettringite. Advances in X-ray Analysis: 45: 194-199.

Barnett, S.J., Macphee, D.E., Lachowski, E.E., Crammond, N.J. (2002) XRD, EDX and IR analysis of solid solutions between thaumasite and ettringite. Cement and Concrete Research: 32: 719-730.

Antao, S. M., Duane, M. J., Hassan, I. (2002) DTA, TG, and XRD studies of sturmanite and ettringite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (5). 1403-1409 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.5.1403

Barnett, S.J., Macphee, D.E., Crammond, N.J. (2003) Extent of immiscibility in the ettringite–thaumasite system. Cement and Concrete Composites: 25: 851-855.

Zhou, Q., Lachowski, E.E., Glasser, F.P. (2004) Metaettringite, a decomposition product of ettringite. Cement and Concrete Research: 34: 703-710.

Torres, S.M., Kirk, C.A., Lynsdale, C.J., Swamy, R.N., Sharp, J.H. (2004) Thaumasite–ettringite solid solutions in degraded mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 34 (8). 1297-1305 doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.09.016

(2005) Ettringite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Hartman, M.R., Berliner, R. (2006) Investigation of the structure of ettringite by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction techniques. Cement and Concrete Research: 36: 364-370.

Goetz-Neunhoeffer, F.; Neubauer, J. (2006) Refined ettringite (Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂∙26H₂O) structure for quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Powder Diffraction, 21 (1). 4-11 doi:10.1154/1.2146207

Möschner, Göril; Lothenbach, Barbara; Winnefeld, Frank; Ulrich, Andrea; Figi, Renato; Kretzschmar, Ruben (2009) Solid solution between Al-ettringite and Fe-ettringite (Ca₆[Al_1-xFe_x(OH)₆]₂(SO₄)₃.26H₂O). Cement and Concrete Research, 39 (6). 482-489 doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.03.001

Sokol, E. V., Gaskova, O. L., Kokh, S. N., Kozmenko, O. A., Seryotkin, Y. V., Vapnik, Y., Murashko, M. N. (2011) Chromatite and its Cr³⁺- and Cr⁶⁺-bearing precursor minerals from the Nabi Musa Mottled Zone complex, Judean Desert. American Mineralogist, 96 (4). 659-674 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3487[with data on Cr(VI)-bearing ettringite]

Scholtzová, Eva, Kucková, Lenka, Kožíšek, Jozef, Tunega, Daniel (2015) Structural and spectroscopic characterization of ettringite mineral – combined DFT and experimental study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1100. 215-224 doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.075

Skibsted, Jørgen, Pedersen, Malene T., Holzinger, Julian (2017) Resolution of the Two Aluminum Sites in Ettringite by ²⁷Al MAS and MQMAS NMR at Very High Magnetic Field (22.3 T). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121 (7). 4011-4017 doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11875

Geng, Guoqing, Myers, Rupert J., Kilcoyne, Arthur L.D., Ha, Juyoung, Monteiro, Paulo J.M. (2017) CaL2,3-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure of tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and calcium (sulfo)aluminate hydrates. American Mineralogist, 102 (4) 900-908 doi:10.2138/am-2017-5670

Seryotkin, Yurii V., Sokol, Ella V., Kokh, Svetlana N., Murashko, Mikhail N. (2017) Natural Cr³⁺-rich ettringite: occurrence, properties, and crystal structure. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 45 (3). 279-292 doi:10.1007/s00269-017-0917-y[Cr/(Cr + Al) ratios up to 0.40–0.50]

Gatta, G. Diego, Hålenius, Ulf, Bosi, Ferdinando, Cañadillas-Delgado, Laura, Fernandez-Diaz, Maria Teresa (2019) Minerals in cement chemistry: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study of ettringite, Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·27H₂O. American Mineralogist, 104 (1). 73-78 doi:10.2138/am-2019-6783

Ogorodova, L. P., Gritsenko, Yu. D., Kosova, D. A., Vigasina, M. F., Melchakova, L. V., Ksenofontov, D. A., Dedushenko, S. K. (2021) Physicochemical and Thermochemical Study of Ettringite. Geochemistry International, 59 (12) 1188-1197 doi:10.1134/s0016702921100050

Colmenero, Francisco, Fernández, Ana María, Almendros-Ginestà, Oscar, Missana, Tiziana (2024) Density Functional Theory Study of the Crystal Structure and Infrared Spectrum of a Synthetized Ettringite Mineral. Minerals, 14 (8) doi:10.3390/min14080824

Localities for EttringiteHide

Showing 136 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Lower Austria Melk District Persenbeug-Gottsdorf Loja ⓘ Quarry IV - middle & northern area	Löffler et al. (2011)
Neunkirchen District Gloggnitz ⓘ Semmering Base Tunnel	Kolitsch et al. (2017)
Styria Leoben District Eisenerz ⓘ Slag locality	Kolitsch (2016)
Leoben Galgenberg ⓘ Railway tunnel	Hollerer (1999)
Murtal District Weißkirchen in Steiermark Kleinfeistritz Kothgraben (Kotgraben) ⓘ Slag locality	C.Auer (2012)
Südoststeiermark District Bad Gleichenberg Wilhelmsdorf ⓘ Stradner Kogel	Postl et al. (1996)
Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Postl et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Tyrol Kufstein District Reith im Alpbachtal St Gertraudi ⓘ Slag locality	- (1994, July)
Upper Austria Steyr Slag localities ⓘ Rederinsel slag locality	G Brandstetter collection
ⓘ Zwischenbrücken slag locality	Neschen (n.d.)

Belgium
Flanders Limburg Dilsen-Stokkem Rotem ⓘ Rotem slag locality
Wallonia Namur Andenne Seilles ⓘ Sclaigneaux slag locality

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Loire Roanne Le Crozet ⓘ Les Rats Mine slag dumps	Chollet et al. (2013)
Puy-de-Dôme Clermont-Ferrand Beaumont ⓘ Boisséjour	Grünhagen et al. (1963) +1 other reference
Ceyrat ⓘ La Brenne quarry
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Espalion ⓘ Puech de Vermus ?	Boutry et al. (1986)
Sévérac-d'Aveyron ⓘ Lapanouse-de-Sévérac slag locality	Eytier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Passau District Hauzenberg Kropfmühl ⓘ Kropfmühl Mine	Habel (2011)
Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Pöllmann (1991)
Hesse Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Slag dumps	Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Langelsheim Lautenthal ⓘ Drachenhöhlental slag locality	Luetcke (n.d.)
ⓘ Lautenthal smelter slag locality	Neschen (n.d.)
ⓘ Sandersloch slag locality	Luetcke (n.d.)
Osnabrück District Georgsmarienhütte ⓘ Iron smelter slag locality	Schnorrer et al. (2001)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Arnsberg Hüsten ⓘ "An der Seilbahn" slag locality	Weiß (1990)
Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Bender et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Siegen-Wittgenstein Siegen Geisweid ⓘ Bremer smelter ("Monte Schlacko") slag locality	Neschen (n.d.)
Cologne Aachen Eschweiler ⓘ Concordia smelter slag locality
Stolberg ⓘ Berzelius lead smelter slag locality	Neschen (n.d.)
ⓘ Birkengang zinc smelter slag locality
ⓘ Münsterbusch zinc smelter slag locality	International Association of Collectors ... +1 other reference
Euskirchen Kall ⓘ Copper smelter slag locality	Blaß et al. (1995)
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Brohltal Brenk ⓘ Schellkopf	Hentschel (1968) +1 other reference
Mayen-Koblenz Mayen ⓘ Mayener Feld (TL)	Lehmann (1874)
ⓘ Seekante	Peacor et al. (1984)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-008 (Bellbergite type-locality)	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-090 (Hopmannite type locality)	Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe)
Mendig Bell ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry	Hentschel (1983)
Mendig ⓘ Basalt quarries	Hentschel (1983)
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Karlleuite-bearing xenolith	Juroszek et al. (2024)
ⓘ Wernerkrauseite-bearing xenolith	Galuskin et al. (2016)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-029	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-036 (Vondechenite-bearing xenolith)	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-050	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Ettringer Feld (TL)	Lehmann (1874)
Kottenheim ⓘ Hufnagel	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Winfeld	Lehmann (1874)
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis ⓘ Bad Ems-Nassau	Wittern (2001)
Lahnstein Friedrichssegen ⓘ Friedrichssegen Mine	Der Aufschluss Vol.55
Loreley Braubach ⓘ Lead and silver smelter slag locality	58 (in German) +1 other reference
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg	Hentschel (1983)
Gerolstein Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf	Blaß et al. (2012)
Hillesheim ⓘ Graulay quarry	G. Blaß
Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Feuerberg	Blass et al. (2006)
Saarland Saarlouis Dillingen/Saar ⓘ Dillingen smelter slag locality	Thomas Kleser Collection
Saxony-Anhalt Salzlandkreis Börde-Hakel Westeregeln ⓘ Douglashall III potash mine	mikon-online.com (n.d.)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine	Hajek (2010)
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump	Witzke et al. (1998)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Charakas ⓘ Charakas Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
Lavreotiki Municipal Unit ⓘ Passa Limani Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
ⓘ Lavrion Slag Localities	Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1988)
Sounion ⓘ Sounion Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
Velatouri ⓘ Thorikos Bay slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
ⓘ Vrysaki Point slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)

Israel
Southern District Beersheba Subdistrict Arad ⓘ Arad Stone Quarry	Juroszek et al. (2019)
Tamar Regional Council ⓘ Hatrurim Basin	Galuskin et al. (2015)
ⓘ Halamish Quarry	collected November 2024 by Michael J. ... +2 other references
ⓘ Nahal Morag Canyon	Sharygin et al. (2019)
ⓘ Southern Hatrurim Basin	Sokol et al. (2015)
ⓘ Wadi Halamish	Galuskin et al. (2023) +1 other reference
ⓘ Paralava outcrops	Galuskina et al. (2025)
Wadi Zohar ⓘ Paralava occurrence (3)	Futrzyński et al. (2023)

Italy
Basilicata Potenza Province Melfi ⓘ Vallone Toppo di Lupo	Stoppa et al. (2009)
Campania Metropolitan City of Naples Ercolano San Vito ⓘ San Vito Quarry	Russo et al. (2004)
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ⓘ Alban Hills	Caponera et al. (2007)
Rome ⓘ Acqua Acetosa	Barbieri M. (1982)
ⓘ Corcolle Quarry	Luigi Mattei specimen
Valleranello ⓘ Vallerano Quarries	Stoppani et al. (1982) +2 other references
Viterbo Province Montalto di Castro Pietra Massa Locality ⓘ Campomorto Quarry	Passaglia et al. (1982)
Sicily Metropolitan City of Messina ⓘ San Filippo di Fragalà	Cardiano et al. (2008)
Tuscany Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima Madonna di Fucinaia (Madonna della Fucinaia) slag heaps ⓘ Capattoli Valley slag locality	www.comune.pisa.it (2000)
Piombino ⓘ Baratti slag locality	Franzini et al. (1992)
Siena Province Chiusdino ⓘ Le Cetine di Cotorniano mine	Menchetti et al. (2015)
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri	Wheeler et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Veneto Padova Province Cervarese Santa Croce ⓘ Montemerlo Quarry	Fabris et al. (2014)
Galzignano Terme ⓘ Monte delle Basse	Fabris et al. (2014)
Vicenza Province Cornedo Vicentino Spagnago ⓘ Grolla quarry	50. +2 other references
Laghi ⓘ Contrada Lorenzi	Boscardin et al. (2011)
Schio Tretto Val Munari Contrade Maglio-Pornaro ⓘ Acquasaliente Creek	Boscardin et al. (2011) +1 other reference

Japan
Fukushima Prefecture ⓘ Koriyama City	Matsuyama (2001)

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex Hashem region ⓘ Lisdan-Siwaga Fault	Anthony et al. (2016)
ⓘ Jordan Areva Resources	Fleurance et al. (2013)
Siwaga Tulul al Hammam ⓘ Unnamed marble quarries	Galuskina et al. (2021)
ⓘ Suwaqa al Gharbiya	Khoury (2014)
ⓘ Khurayyim Mount (Jabal al Khurayyim)	Galuskina et al. (2019)
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury et al. (1982) +4 other references

Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Gross et al. (1963) +1 other reference

Nigeria
Plateau Bokkos ⓘ Ropp Ring Complex	Yunusa et al. (2024)

Palestine
West Bank Bethlehem Governorate ⓘ Nahal Darga	Galuskina et al. (2019)
Jericho Governorate ⓘ Nabi Musa	Sokol et al. (2011)
Quds Governorate ⓘ Jebel Harmun (Jabel Harum)	Galuskin et al. (2015)
ⓘ Ma'ale Adumim	Sokol et al. (2011) +2 other references

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap	PXRD (ŁK)

Romania
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll
ⓘ Basalt quarry	Szakáll et al. (2006)

Russia
Kabardino-Balkaria Chegemsky District ⓘ Upper Chegem volcanic caldera (Verkhnechegemskaya caldera)	Bailau
ⓘ Lakargi Mountain	A. E. Zadov data
ⓘ Xenolith no. 7	Galuskin +10 other references
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]

South Africa
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality Black Rock ⓘ Black Rock Mine ?	Lavinsky (n.d.)
Hotazel ⓘ Hotazel Mine ?
N'Chwaning Mines ⓘ N'Chwaning I Mine
ⓘ N'Chwaning II Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ N'Chwaning III Mine	Woolf (2023)
ⓘ Wessels Mine	Pohl et al. (1991)

Spain
Andalusia Jaén Linares La Cruz ⓘ La Cruz lead smelter slag locality	Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
Aragon Huesca Grañén ⓘ Grañen	Vizcayno et al. (1995)
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Bolaños de Calatrava ⓘ Herrerías Volcano (Las Herrerías quarry)	Calvo et al. (2010) +2 other references
ⓘ Campo de Calatrava volcanic field	Calvo et al. (2010)

Switzerland
Neuchâtel Val-de-Travers ⓘ ~~Noiraigue slag locality~~	Marco Bonifazi

Tuvalu
Funafuti Island ⓘ Amatuku atoll	Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : ...

UK
England Cornwall Lanner Lanner ⓘ Tresavean Mine	Golley et al. (1995)
Cumbria City of Carlisle District Farlam Tindale (Tindale Fell) ⓘ Tindale Fell Smelter Works slag locality	Norman Wilson collection +1 other reference
Derbyshire North East Derbyshire District Ashover Milltown ⓘ Milltown Quarry	Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference
North Yorkshire Scarborough ⓘ Whitby	Smith et al. (2014)
ⓘ York Potash Project	Kemp et al. (2016)
Northern Ireland County Antrim Larne ⓘ Scawt Hill	Tilley (1942) +1 other reference
Scotland Highland Fort William and Ardnamurchan Ardnamurchan ⓘ Kilchoan	Agrell (1965)

USA
Arizona Cochise County Tombstone Mining District ⓘ Lucky Cuss Mine	Moses (1903) +3 other references
California Riverside County Jurupa Valley Crestmore Crestmore quarries Sky Blue Hill ⓘ Commercial Quarry	Murdoch et al. (1960) +6 other references
Vermont Windham County Putney ⓘ ~~US highway 5 road cut~~	Rocks & Minerals +1 other reference
ⓘ Virginia	Dietrich (1990)
Highland County ⓘ Hightown	Dietrich (1990)

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Ettringite

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