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Eugenite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Eugenite
Formula:
Ag11Hg2
Colour:
Black, silver, bronze
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
10.75
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Eugen Friedrich Stumpfl (27 November 1931, Munich, Germany - 12 July 2004, Innsbruck, Austria), professor of mineralogy, Mining Institute, Leoben (Austria), for his studies of noble metal compounds. The mineral stumpflite is also named after him.
This page provides mineralogical data about Eugenite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1422
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1422:5
Similar Names
| Auganite | A synonym of 'Augite andesite' | |
| Euxenite-(Y) | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Euxenite-(Y)-Columbite solid solution | A solid-solution series between two end-member minerals |
IMA Classification of Eugenite
Approved
Approval year:
1981
First published:
1986
Classification of Eugenite
1.AD.15c
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
D : Mercury-amalgam family
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
D : Mercury-amalgam family
Dana 7th ed.:
1.1.11.5
1.1.8.5
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1.15
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Eug | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Eugenite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, silver, bronze
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN15=85.8 - 106 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
10.75(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 10.45 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Eugenite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) |
|---|---|
| 546nm | 80.1% |
| 589nm | 82.7% |
| 656nm | 85.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 85.6%.
Colour in reflected light:
White with a faint yellow tinge
Chemistry of Eugenite
Mindat Formula:
Ag11Hg2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Eugenite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
43m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
I43m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.02(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,006.01 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014123 | Eugenite | Owen E A, O'Donnell Roberts E A (1945) The solubility of certain metals in gold Journal of the Institute of Metals 71 213-254 | 1945 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.37 Å | (100) |
| 2.10 Å | (80) |
| 1.457 Å | (70) |
| 1.240 Å | (70) |
| 1.193 Å | (60) |
| 1.033 Å | (50) |
| 0.950 Å | (80) |
| 0.925 Å | (80) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Eugenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains up to 4 mm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute of Geology and Mineral Deposits, Cracow, Poland.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Eugenite
Other Language Names for Eugenite
Relationship of Eugenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Silver Amalgam Group:
| Luanheite | Ag3Hg | Hex. |
| Paraschachnerite | Ag3Hg2 | Orth. |
| Schachnerite | Ag1.1Hg0.9 | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Eugenite associated with Luanheite | Ag3Hg |
| 2 photos of Eugenite associated with Nickeline | NiAs |
| 2 photos of Eugenite associated with 'Amalgam' | (Ag,Hg) |
| 1 photo of Eugenite associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
| 1 photo of Eugenite associated with Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4S12◻ |
| 1 photo of Eugenite associated with Argentopolybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9AgS4] |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 1.AD. | Aurihydrargyrumite | Au6Hg5 |
| 1.AD.05 | Native Mercury | Hg |
| 1.AD.10 | Belendorffite | Cu7Hg6 |
| 1.AD.10 | Kolymite | Cu7Hg6 |
| 1.AD.15a | Paraschachnerite | Ag3Hg2 |
| 1.AD.15b | Luanheite | Ag3Hg |
| 1.AD.15a | Schachnerite | Ag1.1Hg0.9 |
| 1.AD.15d | Moschellandsbergite | Ag2Hg3 |
| 1.AD.20b | 'Goldamalgam (of Chen et al.)' | (Au,Ag)Hg |
| 1.AD.20a | Weishanite | (Au,Ag,Hg) |
| 1.AD.20c | 'Yiyangite' | Au3Hg |
| 1.AD.25 | Potarite | PdHg |
| 1.AD.30 | Leadamalgam | Pb0.7Hg0.3 |
| 1.AD.35 | Shosanbetsuite | Ag3Sn |
| 1.AD.40 | 'Unnamed (Au-Hg Amalgam)' | Au2Hg |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Eugenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1422.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Eugenite
Reference List:
Васильев, В. И. (1992) Твердые природные сплавы системы Ag-Hg. Терминология, фрагменты классификации, описание [Hard natural alloys of the Ag-Hg system. Terminology, classification fragments, description]. СО РАН НИЦ ОИГГМ.
Jambor, John L., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Roberts, Andrew C. (1995) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 80 (7-8). 845-850
Localities for Eugenite
Showing 34 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Leverett et al. (2005) |
Austria | |
| Steiner et al. (2010) |
| Krause et al. (2025) |
Chile | |
| The Stratabound Tuff-hosted Elisa de ... +1 other reference |
China | |
| Puritch et al. (2005) |
| Dai et al. (2022) |
| Ran Lu et al. (2012) |
Germany | |
| www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2012) |
| Schramm et al. (2023) | |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2026) |
Mongolia | |
| Khashgerel et al. (2008) |
Morocco | |
| Weiß (2006) |
| Barral et al. (2008) |
| Poot +7 other references |
Myanmar | |
| Aung Myo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Namibia | |
| RRUFF database XRD confirmed |
Norway | |
| Kullerud et al. (2020) |
Poland (TL) | |
| KGHM Polska Miedź |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| Siuda (2012) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Piestrzyński et al. (2012) | |
| Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ... |
| Piestrzyński et al. (1992) | |
| Krzeminski (2015, August) |
Russia | |
| www.encyclopedia.com (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Ferenc Š. et al. (2014) |
Sweden | |
| Rincon (2022) |
| Holmgren (2002) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Travis Olds collection +1 other reference |
| Quigley +1 other reference |
| Robert C. Smith |
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Los Bordos Mine, Elisa de Bordos, Pabellón, Tierra Amarilla, Copiapó Province, Atacama, Chile