Rucklidgeite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Sotk gold mine, Sotk, Gegharkunik Province, Armenia

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Sotk gold mine, Sotk, Gegharkunik Province, Armenia

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

Rucklidgeite, etc.

Harrison Gold Mine, Bear Mountain, Harrison Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada

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About RucklidgeiteHide

Formula:

PbBi₂Te₄

Colour:

Silver-white

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½

Specific Gravity:

7.739

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Aleksite Group

Name:

Named after John Christopher Rucklidge (15 January 1938, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England – 7 May 2021, Surrey, England), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Toronto, who first found and partially described the mineral from the Robb-Montbray mine, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec (Rucklidge 1969). The Robb-Montbray mine is considered one of the type localities for the mineral (Clark 1993).

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Sotk gold mine, Sotk, Gegharkunik Province, Armenia
ⓘ Robb-Montbray Mine, Rouyn-Noranda TE, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Pokrovskaya vein, Kochkar' Au deposit, Plast, Plastovsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Aleksite Group.
Rucklidgeite is visually indistinguishable from many other bismuth tellurides. Many specimens sold as rucklidgeite have analysed as something else.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3474

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3474:2

IMA Classification of RucklidgeiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺Bi³⁺₂Te^2-₄

Approval year:

1975

First published:

1977

Type description reference:

Zav'yalov, Ye.N., Begizov, V.D. (1977) Rucklidgeite, (Bi,Pb)3Te4, a new mineral from from the Zod and Kochkar gold ore deposits. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 106(1): 62-68.

Classification of RucklidgeiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.GC.40c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites

Dana 8th ed.:

2.6.2.7

2 : SULFIDES
6 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 4:3

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.7.38

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ruk	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Ruk	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of RucklidgeiteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of RucklidgeiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Silver-white

Streak:

Lead-gray

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀=51.6 - 62.9 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Flexible

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on the pinacoid and average on the rhombohedron.

Comment:

Said to be brittle, but easily split into flexible but inelastic plates. Fractures easily.

Density:

7.739 g/cm³ (Measured) 8.06 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of RucklidgeiteHide

Anisotropism:

Distinct, reddish-brown to bluish-grey

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
440nm	62.0%	59.8%
480nm	62.7%	60.3%
520nm	63.3%	60.5%
560nm	63.8%	60.8%
600nm	64.1%	61.0%
640nm	65.0%	61.9%
680nm	65.9%	62.9%
700nm	66.2%	63.1%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 66.2%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White with a very weak rose tint. Creamy relative to volynskite but pale rose relative to altaite.

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Very weak in air, noticeable in oil.

Chemistry of RucklidgeiteHide

Mindat Formula:

PbBi₂Te₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Te	44.947 %
Bi	36.807 %
Pb	18.247 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Bi, Pb, Te - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ag,Sb

Chemical AnalysisHide

wt%

	1
Pb	16.6 %
Bi	37.4 %
Te	44.0 %
Total:	98 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Robb-Montbray Mine, Rouyn-Noranda TE, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada	Rucklidge, John (1969) Frohbergite, montbrayite, and a new pb-bi telluride. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (5). p.709-716.	EMPA of white grains 80-40 microns in size completely surrounded by chalcopyrite

Crystallography of RucklidgeiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3m

Setting:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.422 Å, c = 41.49 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 9.383

Unit Cell V:

702.61 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015894	Rucklidgeite	Zhukova T B, Zaslavskii A I (1970) X-ray structure determination of PbBi4Te7 Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii 11 462-468		1970	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Rucklidgeite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Zhukova T B'
'Zaslavskii A I'
_journal_name_full 'Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii'
_journal_volume 11 
_journal_year 1970
_journal_page_first 462
_journal_page_last 468
_publ_section_title
;
 X-ray structure determination of PbBi4Te7
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015894
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb.57 Bi2.28 Te4'
_cell_length_a 4.45
_cell_length_b 4.45
_cell_length_c 41.532
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 712.252
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.728
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Pb1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.19000
Bi1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.76000
Pb2   0.00000   0.00000   0.42900   0.19000
Bi2   0.00000   0.00000   0.42900   0.76000
Te1   0.00000   0.00000   0.28800   1.00000
Te2   0.00000   0.00000   0.13600   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.22 Å	(100)
2.34 Å	(90)
1.473 Å	(60)
1.976 Å	(50)
2.21 Å	(40)
1.822 Å	(40)
1.607 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of RucklidgeiteHide

Co-Type Localities:

General Appearance of Type Material:

Very similar to tellurobismuthite, occurring as silver-white foliated aggregates intergrown with gold (9 x 13 mm), and as tabular grains (to 0.5 mm) of different orientations bordering arsenopyrite and boulangerite in dolomite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Vernadsky Geological Museum, Moscow, Russia, 50743.
A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 83005, 87446, vis 245, vis247.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hydrothermal.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Synonyms of RucklidgeiteHide

IMA1975-029

Other Language Names for RucklidgeiteHide

Dutch:Rucklidgeiet

German:Rucklidgeit

Simplified Chinese:碲铅铋矿
碲铋铅矿

Spanish:Rucklidgeita

Relationship of Rucklidgeite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Aleksite Group

Other Members of Aleksite Group:

Aleksite	PbBi₂Te₂S₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
Babkinite	Pb₂Bi₂(S,Se)₃	Trig.
Clogauite	PbBi₄Te₄S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Hitachiite	Pb₅Bi₂Te₂S₆	Trig. 3m : P3m1
Kochkarite	PbBi₄Te₇	Trig.
Poubaite	PbBi₂(Se,Te,S)₄	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Saddlebackite	Pb₂Bi₂Te₂S₃	Hex.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

9 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Native Gold	Au
5 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
4 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Hessite	Ag₂Te
4 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Altaite	PbTe
3 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃
2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Volynskite	AgBiTe₂
2 photos of Rucklidgeite associated with Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
1 photo of Rucklidgeite associated with Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.GC.05	Hatchite	AgTlPbAs₂S₅	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.05	Wallisite	(Cu,Ag)TlPbAs₂S₅	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.10	Sinnerite	Cu₆As₄S₉	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.15	Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅	Orth.
2.GC.20	Simonite	TlHgAs₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.GC.25	Quadratite	Ag¹⁺Cd²⁺As³⁺S^2-₃	Tet. 422 : P4₃22
2.GC.25	Manganoquadratite	AgMnAsS₃	Tet. 422 : P4₃22
2.GC.30	Smithite	AgAsS₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.GC.35	Trechmannite	AgAsS₂	Trig. 3 : R3
2.GC.35	Debattistiite	Ag₉Hg_0.5As₆S₁₂Te₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.40a	Aleksite	PbBi₂Te₂S₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
2.GC.40d	Saddlebackite	Pb₂Bi₂Te₂S₃	Hex.
2.GC.40	Clogauite	PbBi₄Te₄S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.GC.40e	Babkinite	Pb₂Bi₂(S,Se)₃	Trig.
2.GC.40b	Kochkarite	PbBi₄Te₇	Trig.
2.GC.40c	Poubaite	PbBi₂(Se,Te,S)₄	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.GC.45	Tvalchrelidzeite	Hg₃SbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.GC.50	Mutnovskite	Pb₄As₂S₆ICl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Non-Magnetic

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RucklidgeiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3474.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for RucklidgeiteHide

Reference List:

Rucklidge, John (1969) Frohbergite, montbrayite, and a new pb-bi telluride. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (5). p.709-716.

Zhukova, T.B., Zaslavskii, A.I. (1970) X-ray structure determination of PbBi4Te7. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii: 11: 462-468.

Zav'yalov, Ye.N., Begizov, V.D. (1977) Rucklidgeite, (Bi,Pb)3Te4, a new mineral from from the Zod and Kochkar gold ore deposits. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 106(1): 62-68. (in Russian)

Zav'yalov, Ye.N., Begizov, V.D. (1977) Rucklidgeite, (Bi, Pb)3Te4, a new mineral from the Zod and Kochkar gold-ore deposits. International Geology Review, 19 (12) 1451-1456 doi:10.1080/00206817709471159

Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J. (1978) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 63 (5-6) 598-600 p.599

Bayliss, Peter (1991) Crystal chemistry and crystallography of some minerals in the tetradymite group. American Mineralogist, 76 (1-2) 257-265

Clark, A. M. (1993) Hey's Mineral Index - Mineral Species, Varieties and Synonyms (3rd ed.). Natural History Museum.p.606

Kase, Katsuo; Kusachi, Isao; Kishi, Shigetomo (1993) Rucklidgeite solid-solution in the Yanahara Deposit, Japan. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31 (1). p.99-104.

(2005) Rucklidgeite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

IZUMINO, Yuya, NAKASHIMA, Kazuo, NAGASHIMA, Mariko (2014) Cuprobismutite group minerals (cuprobismutite, hodrušhite, kupčíkite and padĕraite), other Bi–sulfosalts and Bi–tellurides from the Obari mine, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 109 (4) 177-190 doi:10.2465/jmps.140129

Localities for RucklidgeiteHide

Showing 98 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Armenia (TL)
Gegharkunik Province Sotk ⓘ Sotk gold mine (TL)	Harris et al. (1973) +2 other references

Australia
Victoria Towong Shire Dartmouth Morass Creek gorge ⓘ Wombat Hole prospect (Wombat Hole mine)
Western Australia Coolgardie Shire Kambalda Kambalda Nickel mines ⓘ Lunnon Shoot	Hudson et al. (1978) +1 other reference
Cue Shire Quinns gold area ⓘ Austin prospect	- (2016) +3 other references
Dundas Shire Norseman ⓘ Crown Gold Mine	McQueen et al. (1990)
Laverton Shire Yamarna Gruyere Gold Project ⓘ Gruyere Mine	Schreefel et al. (2025)
Sandstone Shire ⓘ Yuinmery volcanogenic massive sulfide project	Hassan et al. (2017)
ⓘ Just Desserts	Hassan (2014)

Austria
Vorarlberg Bludenz District Lorüns ⓘ Limestone quarry	Kolitsch et al. (2020)

Canada
British Columbia New Westminster Mining Division Harrison Lake Bear Mountain ⓘ Harrison Gold Mine (RN; Abo; GEO)	British Columbia Ministry of Energy
Omineca Mining Division Lindquist Lake ⓘ Harrison Group (Deer Horn)	Roberts (2017)
Manitoba Flin Flon District ⓘ Trout Lake mine	Healy et al. (1990)
Snow Lake District ⓘ Stall Lake Mine	Alexandre (2025)
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland ⓘ Hope Brook mine (Chetwynd mine)	Dube et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Ontario Sudbury District Unorganized North Sudbury District Leeson Township ⓘ Renabie Mine	Econ Geol (1987)
Thunder Bay District Seagull Lake Area Seagull Lake complex ⓘ Nipigon Reefs Project	Wilson et al. (2013)
Timiskaming District Bannockburn Township ⓘ Ashley Mine	Dana's New Mineralogy +1 other reference
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda TE ⓘ Robb-Montbray Mine (TL)	Rucklidge (1969) +2 other references
Nord-du-Québec Jamésie Matagami ⓘ Perseverance mine	Kasprowicz (2023)

China
Hebei Zhangjiakou Chongli District Shuiquangou Complex Dongping Au-Te ore field ⓘ Dongping Mine	Peihua Zhang et al. (2002) +2 other references
Henan Luoyang Luoning County ⓘ Shanggong Mine	Huijuan Zhu et al. (1989)
Song County ⓘ Huangshui'an Mo-(Pb) deposit	Yang et al. (2024)
Niutougou Au deposit ⓘ Songligou Au deposit	王鹏 et al. (2016)
Sanmenxia Lingbao City ⓘ Fancha gold deposit	Liu et al. (2020)
ⓘ S60 gold-quartz vein	preprint
ⓘ Jinqu Au deposit	Chang et al. (2022)
ⓘ Jintongcha Au-Ag-Cu deposit	Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992)
Qinling Mine ⓘ Yangzhaiyu Au-Pb-Te deposit	Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1999) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tonggou Au deposit (incl. Chucha-Luanshi Au deposit) ?	Shuzhang Tian et al. (1993)
Hubei Yichang Zigui Co. ⓘ Maoping Au deposit ?	Taomei Liu (1984)
Hunan Chenzhou Guiyang Co. ⓘ Baoshan ore field (Baoshan Mine)	Weining Zhou (1994)
Shandong Yantai Zhaoyuan City ⓘ Xiejiagou Au deposit	Hongbo Xin et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.) ⓘ Kalatongke Mine (Kalatunk Mine; Karatungk Mine)	Minqing Cheng et al. (1993)
Habahe Co. (Kaba Co.; Qaba Co.) ⓘ Tuokuzibayi Mine (Saidu Mine; Saidou Mine; Saiduo Mine)	www.portergeo.com.au (2007)

Cuba
Camagüey Province Camagüey District Guáimaro ⓘ Florencia deposit	López K Jesús M. et al. (2006)
Villa Clara Province ⓘ Antonio mine	Torró et al. (2016)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Prague-West District Jílové u Prahy Studené ⓘ Pepř mine	Pašava et al. (1986) +2 other references
Petrov Bohuliby ⓘ Bohuliby deposit	Litochleb et al. (2000)
Plzeň Region Tachov District Tachov ⓘ Oldřichov	Anthony et al. (1990)

Ecuador
Cotopaxi Province ⓘ Ximena deposit	Potter et al. (2003)

Finland
Lapland Sodankylä Viiankiaapa mire area ⓘ Sakattilampi (Sakatti deposit)	Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020)
North Karelia ⓘ Ilomantsi	Hytönen (1999)
ⓘ Korvilansuo prospect	Kojonen
ⓘ Pampalo Au deposit	Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Pampalo (Ward) +1 other reference
North Ostrobothnia Kuusamo ⓘ Juomasuo	Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Ollinsuo	Eilu (2007)
Pirkanmaa Orivesi ⓘ Kutemajärvi mine	Kinnunen
Satakunta Huittinen ⓘ Jokisivu (Kujankallio)	www.gsf.fi (2001) +1 other reference

Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Bad Harzburg Radau valley ⓘ Gabbro Quarry
Harz (Landkreis Goslar) Oker valley ⓘ Radau-Oker water tunnel	Weiß (1990)

Guyana
Pomeroon-Supenaam Region ⓘ Karouni mine	Troy Resources

Hungary
Heves County Gyöngyös District Gyöngyösoroszi Károlytáró ⓘ Péter-Pál Adit	GEODA 2010/1

Japan
Okayama Prefecture Kume District Misaki-cho ⓘ Yanahara mine (Yanahara mining district)	Kase et al. (1993)
Tochigi Prefecture Nikko City Ashio ⓘ Ashio mine (Ashio copper mine)	Ii et al (1993)
Yamagata Prefecture ⓘ Ohari mine (Obari mine)	IZUMINO et al. (2014)

Kazakhstan
Abai Region Ayagoz District ⓘ Aidarly Cu-Mo deposit	Filimonova et al. (1986) +1 other reference
East Kazakhstan Region ⓘ Maralikha Au deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Norway
Trøndelag Orkland Meldal ⓘ Dragset Mine (Dragset copper-zinc deposit)	McQueen (1990) +1 other reference

Papua New Guinea
Eastern Highlands Province Kainantu ⓘ Kainantu Mine (Bilimoia Au-Bi-W-Te deposit)	K92 Mining

Peru
Arequipa Condesuyos Province Rio Grande district ⓘ San Luis Alta deposit	Alfonso et al. (2023)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Bardo Bardo ⓘ Bardo Śląskie ore occurrence	Mikulski (2005, January)
Silesian Voivodeship Zawiercie County Gmina Ogrodzieniec ⓘ Ryczów skarn	Harańczyk (1983)

Romania
Hunedoara County Brad Mustari ⓘ Musariu Cu-Au deposit	Ciobanu et al. (2007) +2 other references
Buceș Stănija ⓘ Larga	Cook et al. (2003) +1 other reference

Russia
Bashkortostan Uchalinsky District Il'insky ore field ⓘ Murtykty Au deposit	Падучина et al. (2019)
ⓘ Yubileynoe mine	Maslennikov et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Buryatia Eastern Sayan ⓘ Pionerskoye Au-quartz deposit	Izvekova et al. (2021)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Agapovsky District ⓘ Buranov Deposit	Kasatkin et al. (2022)
Kaslinsky District Kasli ⓘ Mauk deposit	Safina et al. (2015)
Kunashaksky District ⓘ Biksizak deposit	Plotinskaya et al. (2020)
Plastovsky District Plast ⓘ Kochkar' Au deposit	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Pokrovskaya vein (TL)	ZVMO (1977) +1 other reference
Sosnovsky District Bereznyakovskoe ore field ⓘ Bereznyakovskoe Au deposit (Central Bereznyakovskoe)	Spiridonov et al. (the South Urals)
Kamchatka Krai Bystrinsky District Central Kamchatka mining district ⓘ Aginskoe Au deposit (Aginskoye deposit)	Bonev et al. (2005)
Murmansk Oblast Northern Karelia Salla-Kuolajarvi belt ⓘ Mayskoe deposit	Kalinin (2021)
ⓘ Ozernoe Uranium Occurrence	Kalinin (2021)
ⓘ Panarechka volcano	Chernyavsky et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Pechengsky District Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field ⓘ Bragino ore occurrence	Kompanchenko et al. (2019)
Orenburg Oblast Gaysky District ⓘ Ishkinino Co-Cu deposit	Zaikov et al. (2006)
Republic of Karelia Pitkyarantsky District Pitkyaranta mining district ⓘ Hopunvaara area	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
ⓘ Lupikko Mine	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) +1 other reference
Suojärvi District ⓘ Roikonkoski	V. I. Ivashchenko et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Sakha Aldan Verkhealgomin ⓘ Dyvok	Kondratieva et al. (2021) +3 other references
Stanovoi Range Sutamskii Region ⓘ Alekseevskoye Au Mine	Pekov (1998)
Tuva Kyzylsky District Kyzyl-Tashtyg ore area ⓘ Kyzyl-Tashtyg deposit	Kuzhuget et al. (2022)

Sweden
Värmland County Arvika Glava ⓘ Glava copper mining field (Yttre Rud Mines)	Bonev et al. (2005) +1 other reference

UK
Scotland Perth and Kinross Loch Tay ⓘ Tombuie	Corkhill et al. (2010)

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Graeme (1993)
ⓘ Campbell Mine	Graeme (1993) +2 other references
Colorado Montezuma County La Plata Mining District (California Mining District) ⓘ Golconda; Hesperus; Senate? ?	Eckel et al. (1997)
Georgia Haralson County ⓘ Royal Vindicator mine	Matrix 11:4 pp 181-190
Nevada Washoe County Pah Rah Range (Pah Rah Mts) ⓘ Olinghouse Mining District (White Horse Mining District)	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ North Carolina
Cabarrus County ⓘ Mount Pleasant	Callahan et al. (1995)
Virginia Fluvanna County Gold-Pyrite Belt ⓘ Long Island Creek	Dietrich (1990)

Uzbekistan
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Kovalenker (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit)	Plotinskaya et al. (2006) +1 other reference

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Chegutu District ⓘ Hartley Mine	Wilson et al. (2001) +1 other reference

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Rucklidgeite

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