Steverustite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Steverustite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Steverustite, etc.

Llangynog Mine, Llangynog, Powys, Wales, UK

Steverustite

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Steverustite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Steverustite, etc.

Llangynog Mine, Llangynog, Powys, Wales, UK

Steverustite

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Steverustite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Steverustite, etc.

Llangynog Mine, Llangynog, Powys, Wales, UK

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About SteverustiteHide

Steve Rust

Formula:

Pb²⁺₅(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃](H₂O)₂

Colour:

Colorless, white

Lustre:

Vitreous

Specific Gravity:

5.150 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in honor of Stephen Andrew Rust (b. 23 August 1952, Bushy, Hertfordshire, UK), a long-time collector of UK minerals. He discovered it.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

One of a relatively small group of thiosulphate minerals.

Visually similar to Unnamed (Pb Silicate).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

38699

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:38699:7

IMA Classification of SteverustiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺₅Cu¹⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃(OH)₅·2H₂O

Approval year:

2008

First published:

2009

Classification of SteverustiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

7.JA.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
J : Thiosulfates
A : Thiosulfates of Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

30.4.4.

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : Miscellaneous

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Svr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SteverustiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colorless, white

Streak:

White

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed
Crystals were too small to observe cleavage.

Fracture:

Splintery

Density:

5.150 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Chemistry of SteverustiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb²⁺₅(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃](H₂O)₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	66.538 %
O	16.441 %
S	12.357 %
Cu	4.081 %
H	0.583 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cu, H, O, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SteverustiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 12.5631 Å, b = 8.8963 Å, c = 18.0132 Å
β = 96.459°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.412 : 1 : 2.025

Unit Cell V:

2,000.47 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Fibrous to acicular or lath-like. Elongated along [010], and bounded by small (h0l) faces.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014592	Steverustite	Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C, Moffatt E (2009) Steverustite, Pb5(OH)5[Cu(SO3S)3](H2O)2, a new thiosulphate mineral from the Frongoch mine dump, Devils Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales: description and crystal structure Mineralogical Magazine 73 235-250		2009	Frongoch mine dump, Devils Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Steverustite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Cooper M A'
'Hawthorne F C'
'Moffatt E'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 73 
_journal_year 2009
_journal_page_first 235
_journal_page_last 250
_publ_section_title
;
 Steverustite, Pb5(OH)5[Cu(SO3S)3](H2O)2, a new thiosulphate mineral from the
 Frongoch mine dump, Devils Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales: description and crystal structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014592
_chemical_compound_source 'Frongoch mine dump, Devils Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb5 Cu S6 O15.67 H8.34'
_cell_length_a 12.5631
_cell_length_b 8.8963
_cell_length_c 18.0132
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 96.459
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 2000.469
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.150
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/n 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.65998   0.09839   0.54396   1.00000   0.02733
Pb2   0.28510   0.09642   0.21832   1.00000   0.02820
Pb3   0.85984   0.37204   0.49493   1.00000   0.03122
Pb4   0.57981   0.36011   0.37496   1.00000   0.02494
Pb5   0.78717   0.06441   0.35321   1.00000   0.03227
Cu   0.30114   0.28737   0.58767   1.00000   0.02670
S6+1   0.29060   0.28290   0.40072   1.00000   0.02040
S6+2   0.53847   0.24570   0.69203   1.00000   0.02330
S6+3   0.08250   0.33950   0.68340   1.00000   0.02760
S2-4   0.40140   0.28700   0.49234   1.00000   0.02440
S2-5   0.38370   0.29720   0.70413   1.00000   0.02990
S2-6   0.12260   0.29130   0.57811   1.00000   0.03080
O1   0.35030   0.27310   0.33510   1.00000   0.03330
O2   0.22980   0.42380   0.39820   1.00000   0.02610
O3   0.22100   0.15250   0.40770   1.00000   0.03510
O4   0.57600   0.34410   0.63570   1.00000   0.04500
O5   0.54420   0.08740   0.66990   1.00000   0.04400
O6   0.60330   0.26770   0.76320   1.00000   0.05200
O7  -0.02410   0.40310   0.67140   1.00000   0.04600
O8   0.08410   0.19940   0.72500   1.00000   0.05700
O9   0.16020   0.44430   0.71980   1.00000   0.03710
O-h10   0.67270   0.34530   0.49680   1.00000   0.02220
O-h11   0.82430   0.11010   0.48600   1.00000   0.02820
O-h12   0.76830   0.32600   0.37020   1.00000   0.02380
O-h13   0.61980   0.10520   0.39200   1.00000   0.02710
O-h14   0.78390   0.21060   0.63920   1.00000   0.04700
Wat15  -0.00130   0.28950   0.39970   1.00000   0.07400
Wat16   0.45510   0.48400   0.14000   0.67000   0.07100
H1   0.66500   0.43500   0.52700   1.00000   0.03800
H2   0.88300   0.04000   0.50000   1.00000   0.03800
H3   0.80000   0.38300   0.33200   1.00000   0.03800
H4   0.57000   0.03400   0.36500   1.00000   0.03800
H5   0.84400   0.14800   0.66000   1.00000   0.03800
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.03010 0.02610 0.02650 -0.00422 0.00625 0.00290
Pb2 0.03250 0.02880 0.02270 -0.00231 0.00053 -0.00006
Pb3 0.02610 0.03070 0.03540 -0.00299 -0.00346 -0.00109
Pb4 0.02330 0.02500 0.02600 0.00163 0.00082 0.00113
Pb5 0.04030 0.03200 0.02550 0.00996 0.00810 -0.00092
Cu 0.02600 0.03310 0.02110 0.00080 0.00290 0.00060
S6+1 0.02240 0.02020 0.01780 0.00000 -0.00130 -0.00050
S6+2 0.01940 0.03230 0.01820 0.00000 0.00200 -0.00170
S6+3 0.02780 0.03070 0.02580 0.00520 0.00980 0.00550
S2-4 0.02080 0.03200 0.01960 0.00050 -0.00090 -0.00020
S2-5 0.02080 0.04860 0.02060 0.00180 0.00330 -0.00030
S2-6 0.02420 0.04450 0.02340 0.00340 0.00170 0.00120
O1 0.03000 0.04900 0.02000 -0.00300 0.00100 -0.01300
O2 0.03100 0.02700 0.01900 0.00900 0.00000 -0.00100
O3 0.03200 0.03300 0.03600 -0.00600 -0.01300 0.01200
O4 0.03200 0.05500 0.05500 0.00700 0.02700 0.02000
O5 0.03200 0.03800 0.06200 -0.00200 0.01100 -0.00900
O6 0.02900 0.09900 0.02700 0.00600 -0.00600 -0.02300
O7 0.03400 0.05800 0.04800 0.00600 0.01000 -0.01000
O8 0.10400 0.03800 0.03300 0.00000 0.03000 0.00400
O9 0.04200 0.04700 0.02200 -0.00900 0.00300 0.00300
O-h10 0.02600 0.02500 0.01500 0.00400 0.00100 -0.00100
O-h11 0.03200 0.02900 0.02500 0.01200 0.00700 0.00300
O-h12 0.02600 0.02900 0.01800 -0.00400 0.00700 -0.00500
O-h13 0.03200 0.02400 0.02600 -0.00300 0.00800 -0.00400
O-h14 0.02900 0.05300 0.05700 0.01400 -0.00800 -0.02400
Wat15 0.03000 0.15200 0.04300 0.01700 0.01200 0.02000
Wat16 0.05300 0.04300 0.10900 0.00700 -0.02300 -0.02200

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.897 Å	(80)
6.211 Å	(60)
4.797 Å	(60)
3.934 Å	(100)
3.741 Å	(20)
3.348 Å	(70)
3.026 Å	(60)
2.837 Å	(50)

Locality:

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]

Type Occurrence of SteverustiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

General Appearance of Type Material:

Fibrous fan-like bundles to 1.5 mm that occur in small cavities in quartz veins. Crystals are fibrous to acicular. Also as individual lath-like crystals to <0.75 mm long.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, CMNMC 86053.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Supergene mineral.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Anglesite	Bechererite	Caledonite	Cerussite	Covellite
Galena	Hemimorphite	Quartz	Sphalerite

Synonyms of SteverustiteHide

IMA2008-021

Other Language Names for SteverustiteHide

Dutch:Steverustiet

German:Steverustit

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

26 photos of Steverustite associated with Susannite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
13 photos of Steverustite associated with Caledonite	Pb₅Cu₂(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆
9 photos of Steverustite associated with Anglesite	PbSO₄
6 photos of Steverustite associated with Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
6 photos of Steverustite associated with Galena	PbS
4 photos of Steverustite associated with Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
3 photos of Steverustite associated with Bechererite	Zn₇Cu(OH)₁₃[(SiO(OH)₃(SO₄)]
3 photos of Steverustite associated with Redmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄
2 photos of Steverustite associated with Lanarkite	Pb₂(SO₄)O
2 photos of Steverustite associated with Elyite	Pb₄Cu(SO₄)O₂(OH)₄ · H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.JA.	Hayelasdiite	[Pb₄O_1.5(OH)_2.5]₂[Cu⁺₅(S₂O₃)₄(S₂O₂OH)₂(H₂O)] · 4H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.JA.	Boojumite	Pb₈O₄(OH)₂(S₂O₃)₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.	Finescreekite	[Pb₄(OH)₄](S₂O₃)₂	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.JA.	Boevskite	Pb₄(TeO₃)₂(SO₄)(S₂O₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.	Redmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.JA.	Hydroredmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.JA.	Dinilawiite	[Pb₄OAl(OH)₆]₂(S₂O₃)₂ · (S₂O₃)(H₂O)₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.JA.	Sulfatoredmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](SO₄)₄ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
7.JA.	Cubothioplumbite	[Pb₄(OH)₄]Pb(S₂O₃)₃	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.JA.	Hexathioplumbite	[Pb²⁺₄(OH)₄]Pb²⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.JA.05	Sidpietersite	Pb²⁺₄(S₂O₃)O₂(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
7.JA.15	Fassinaite	Pb₂(S₂O₃)(CO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.20	Northstarite	Pb₆(Te⁴⁺O₃)₅(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)	Hex. 6 : P6₃

Fluorescence of SteverustiteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SteverustiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-38699.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Look for Steverustite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SteverustiteHide

Reference List:

Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C., E. Moffatt (2009) Steverustite, Pb₅²⁺(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2–)₃](H₂O)₂, a new thiosulphate mineral from the Frongoch Mine Dump, Devils Bridge, Ceredigion, Wales: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 73 (2) 235-250 doi:10.1180/minmag.2009.073.2.235

(2022) Steverustite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for SteverustiteHide

Showing 19 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


France
Occitanie Lozère Mende Saint-Léger-de-Peyre ⓘ Sainte-Lucie Mine ?

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Badenweiler Badenweiler Pb mining district Sehringen ⓘ Haus Baden Mine	www.mindat.org (n.d.) +1 other reference

UK
Scotland Dumfries and Galloway Wanlockhead ⓘ Old Glencrieff Vein	S. Rust collection
South Lanarkshire Leadhills ⓘ Horners Vein (Jeffrey's Vein; Carse's Vein)	S. Rust collection.
Mine Hill-Broad Law ⓘ Raiks Vein (incl. Broadlaw Low Level)	Steve Rust collection
ⓘ Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein)	S. Rust collection.
Wanlock Dod ⓘ Hopeful Vein	Steve Rust collection
ⓘ Lady Anne Hopetoun shaft (Brow and Hopeful Veins)	S. Rust collection.
ⓘ Scar Vein	S. Rust collection
Wales Ceredigion Ceulanymaesmawr Tal-y-bont ⓘ Bwlch Glas Mine	S. Rust collection
ⓘ Esgair Hir & Esgair Fraith mines (Cambrian Mine; Cardigan Consolidated Mine; Welsh Potosi Mine; Kylon Potosi Mine)	S.Rust Collection
Llangynfelyn Tre-Taliesin ⓘ Penybanc Mine	S. Rust collection
Trefeirig Pen-bont Rhydybeddau ⓘ Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine)	S. Rust collection
Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn Pontrhydygroes ⓘ Frongoch Mine (TL)	Cooper et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Ysbyty Ystwyth ⓘ Hendre Felen Mine (Hendre quarry)	S. Rust collection
Lisburne Lead and Silver Mines ⓘ Logaulas Mine (Lisburne Mine; Logylas Mine)
Powys Llangynog ⓘ Llangynog Mine	S. Rust collection
Rhayader ⓘ Nant-y-Car Mine	S. Rust collection

USA
North Carolina Haywood County Waterville Lake ⓘ Redmond Mine	A. Kampf PXRD 9/2018 Jason Smith ...

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Steverustite

About SteverustiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of SteverustiteHide

Classification of SteverustiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of SteverustiteHide

Chemistry of SteverustiteHide

Crystallography of SteverustiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of SteverustiteHide

Synonyms of SteverustiteHide

Other Language Names for SteverustiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of SteverustiteHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for SteverustiteHide

References for SteverustiteHide

Localities for SteverustiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide