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Elbrusite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Elbrusite
Mount Elbrus
Formula:
Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Specific Gravity:
4.801 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
First named Elbrusite-(Zr), but according to the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup (Grew et al. 2013) suffixes should not be used in naming minerals in the garnet supergroup. The name was thus changed to Elbrusite.
Elbrusite is named after Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe, in Northern Caucasus, Russia. The mineral was first found in the Elbrus-Kyugen volcanic area.
Elbrusite is named after Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe, in Northern Caucasus, Russia. The mineral was first found in the Elbrus-Kyugen volcanic area.
This page provides mineralogical data about Elbrusite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
40055
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:40055:2
Similar Names
| Elbrusite-(Sn) | A synonym of 'Unnamed (Stannian analog of elbrusite)' |
| Elbrussite | A variety of Clay minerals |
IMA Classification of Elbrusite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca3(Zr4+1.5U6+0.5)Fe3+3O12
Approval year:
2009
First published:
2010
Type description reference:
Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Armbruster, T., Lazic, B., Kusz, J., Dzierżanowski, P., Gazeev, V. M., Pertsev, N. N., Prusik, K., Zadov, A. E., Winiarski, A., Wrzalik, R., Gurbanov, A. G. (2010) Elbrusite-(Zr)--A new uranian garnet from the Upper Chegem caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia. American Mineralogist, 95 (8) 1172-1181 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3507
Classification of Elbrusite
4.CC.32
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ebs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Elbrusite
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Streak:
Brown
Density:
4.801 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Elbrusite
Mindat Formula:
Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Elbrusite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Ia3d
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.7456(9) Å
Unit Cell V:
2,070.53 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Dominant {110} and minor {211} forms.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| - Å | () |
Comments:
No X-ray powder diffraction data due to lack of material. Diffraction investigations using electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) show that the mineral is nearly completely metamict.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Type Occurrence of Elbrusite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains to 10–15 micrometers.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia, catalog no. 3840/1.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Xenoliths embedded in ignimbrites.
Reference:
Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Armbruster, T., Lazic, B., Kusz, J., Dzierżanowski, P., Gazeev, V. M., Pertsev, N. N., Prusik, K., Zadov, A. E., Winiarski, A., Wrzalik, R., Gurbanov, A. G. (2010) Elbrusite-(Zr)--A new uranian garnet from the Upper Chegem caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia. American Mineralogist, 95 (8) 1172-1181 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3507
Synonyms of Elbrusite
Other Language Names for Elbrusite
Relationship of Elbrusite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bitikleite Group:
| Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d |
| Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d |
| Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Elbrusite associated with Stracherite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F |
| 2 photos of Elbrusite associated with Shulamitite | Ca3TiFe3+AlO8 |
| 2 photos of Elbrusite associated with Ariegilatite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O |
| 2 photos of Elbrusite associated with Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 2 photos of Elbrusite associated with Brownmillerite | Ca2Fe3+AlO5 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CC. | Bernwoodite | Ca5TiAl2Si2O14 |
| 4.CC. | Xuite | Ca3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3 |
| 4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 |
| 4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| 4.CC. | Chlorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2] |
| 4.CC. | Magnesiohongruiite-(Fe3+) | (Mg2Fe3+)Fe3+NbO7(OH) |
| 4.CC. | Oboniobite | Mg4Nb2O9 |
| 4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2] |
| 4.CC. | Mirnyite | SrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Haitaite-(La) | LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Shagamite | KFe11O17 |
| 4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 |
| 4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| 4.CC. | Heamanite-(Ce) | (K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3 |
| 4.CC. | Priscillagrewite-(Y) | (Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3 |
| 4.CC. | Strandite | Pb3Mn3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC. | Saranovskite | SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 |
| 4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 4.CC.15 | Grossite | CaAl4O7 |
| 4.CC.17 | Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)' | NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] |
| 4.CC.20 | Paseroite | PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Mianningite | (◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU' | ~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38 |
| 4.CC.22 | Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 |
| 4.CC.22 | Kahlenbergite | KAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.25 | Hopmannite | Ba2(Ti5Fe)O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Nixonite | Na2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 |
| 4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Bariolakargiite | BaZrO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 |
| 4.CC.32 | Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| 4.CC.35 | Panguite | (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 4.CC.37 | Pauloabibite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12 |
| 4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Davidite-(Y)' | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Uhligite' | Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ? |
| 4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 |
| 4.CC.45 | Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hawthorneite | BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Mizraite-(Ce) | Ce(Al11Mg)O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 4.CC.45 | Chihuahuaite | FeAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33 |
| 4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | PbFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | K2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC.60 | 'Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)' | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 16.1790% | 4,044,750 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 0.0000% | 0 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Other Information
Notes:
Radioactive
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Elbrusite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-40055.html
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References for Elbrusite
Reference List:
Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Armbruster, T., Lazic, B., Kusz, J., Dzierżanowski, P., Gazeev, V. M., Pertsev, N. N., Prusik, K., Zadov, A. E., Winiarski, A., Wrzalik, R., Gurbanov, A. G. (2010) Elbrusite-(Zr)--A new uranian garnet from the Upper Chegem caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia. American Mineralogist, 95 (8) 1172-1181 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3507
Localities for Elbrusite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Israel | |
| Galuskin et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
Jordan | |
| Specimen auctioned by Carsten Slotta |
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Russia | |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
| Galuskina et al. (2010) |
| Galuskin et al. (2011) |
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Xenolith no. 1, Lakargi Mountain, Upper Chegem volcanic caldera, Chegemsky District, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia