Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in the Effect of Happiness at Work on Emotional Labor

Year 2025, Issue: 14, 227 - 269, 15.09.2025

Kubilay Özer

https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1661664

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of workplace happi-ness on emotional labor and to evaluate the mediating role of perceived su-pervisor support in this relationship. Grounded in the framework of Social Exchange Theory and the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions, the study collected data via a survey conducted between September 1 and October 31, 2024, from 367 healthcare workers employed in the TR-52 (Ka-raman–Konya) subregion. Scales measuring workplace happiness, emotio-nal labor, and perceived supervisor support were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and mediation analysis through Ha-yes’ PROCESS Model 4. The findings indicate that workplace happiness has a significant and positive effect on both perceived supervisor support and emotional labor. However, the direct effect of supervisor support on emoti-onal labor was not found to be statistically significant. Nevertheless, percei-ved supervisor support was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between workplace happiness and emotional labor. The results demonstrate that workplace happiness enhances emotional labor, and this effect is further reinforced through perceived supervisor support.

Keywords

Health worker workplace happiness emotional labor perceived manager support

References

  • Abbey, Antonia- David J. Abramis - Robert D. Caplan. “Effects of Different Sources of Social Support and Social Conflict on Emotional Well-Being”. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 6/2 (1985), 111–129.
  • Akdağ, Recep. “Nereden nereye Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı Kasım 2002- Haziran 2007”. 2007.https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Yayin/180.
  • Altan, Senem-Murat Özpehlivan. “Duygusal emek ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi”. International Journal of Management and Administration 3/5 (2019), 80–100. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.518590
  • Altaş, Sabiha Sevinç- Hülya Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu- Gönül Konakay- Mu-rat Günsel. “Relationships among Supervisor Support, Autonomy, Job Satisfaction and Emotional Labor on Nurses Within the Turkey Context of Healthcare Services”. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (Ocak 2024), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303170
  • Andrew, Morris J.- Daniel C. Feldman. “The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor”. Academy of Management 21/ 4 (1996), 986–1010. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9704071861.
  • Arıcı, Handan Yalvaç. “Mutluluk Tarihi”. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 (2020), 217–243.
  • Ashforth, Blake E.- Ronald H. Humphrey. “Emotional Roles: The Influen-ce”. The Academy of Management Review 18/1 (1993), 88–115.
  • Aslan, Yasemin. 2023. “Örgütlerde Duygusal Emek”. Içinde Yönetim, Organizasyon ve Strateji Üzerine Araştırmalar, editör Mehmet Seyhan, 1. baskı, 49–67. Özgür Yayınları. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub66.c153.
  • Atilla, Gaye- Cumali Kılıç. “Algılanan örgütsel desteğin duygusal emek ve örgütsel sessizlikle ilişkisi: Banka çalışanları üzerinde bir uygulama”. Artuklu Kaime Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi 5/2 (2022), 123–144.
  • Aydın, Delal- Özcan Demir. “Psychological Capital of Healthcare Workers: Importance and Effects”. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research 10/101 (2023), 2972–2980.
  • Aydoğan, Enver. “Etik liderliğin duygusal emek üzerine etkisi: Sağlık çalı-şanları üzerine bir araştırma”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İkti-sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (2019), 286–309
  • Aytaş, Gonca- Mustafa Gülaydın. “Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Duygusal Emek Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi: Afyonkarahisar’daki Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmeleri Örneği”. Journal of Business Research- Turk 12/4 (2020), 3433– 3450. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.1050
  • Baş, Murat- Gürkan Alagöz. “Çalışan Motivasyonu ve İşyeri Mutluluğu Arasındaki İlişkide Kişi-Örgüt Uyumunun Aracı Rolü”. Verimlilik Der-gisi 4 (2022), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1078634.
  • Başlar, Yasin- Esra Aydın Göktepe. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Çalışan-ların Duygusal Emekleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Alan Araştırması”. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi 4/1 (2021), 136–156. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.857542.
  • Beğenirbaş, Memduh- Nejat Basım. “Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi 19/1 (2012), 77–90. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/146079.
  • Bellet, Clément S.- Jan-Emmanuel De Neve- George Ward. “Does Employee Happiness Have an Impact on Productivity?” Management Science 70/3 (2024), 1656–1679. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4766
  • Bhanthumnavin, Duchduen. “Importance of Supervisory Social Support and Its Implications for HRD in Thailand”. Psychology and Developing Societies 12/2 (2000), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360001200203.
  • Bilginoğlu, Elif- Uğur Yozgat. “İşyerinde Mutluluk Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. Journal of Yasar University 15 (Ka-sım 2020), 201–204.
  • Blau, Peter M. “Justice in Social Exchange”. Sociological Inquiry 34/2 (1964), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x.
  • Bridgman, Michael. The Hidden Power of Employee Happiness: Happiness Achieves Employee Excellence. 1. baskı. South Carolina: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2017
  • Brotheridge, Céleste M.- Raymond T. Lee. “Development and Validation of the Emotional Labour Scale”. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 76/3 (2003), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647229.
  • Bryman, Alan- Duncan Cramer. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS Re-lease 10 for Windows. Routledge, 2002. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203471548.
  • Çaldağ, Mehmet Ali. Duygusal emek davranışlarının sağlık çalışanlarında iş sonuçlarına etkileri. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans, 2010
  • Canbolat, Mehmet Ali. “Duygusal emeğin iş performansına etkisinde işten ayrılma niyetinin düzenleyici etkisi”. Uluslararası Akademik Birikim Der-gisi 6/4 (2023), 452–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10045352.
  • Cholbi, Michael. “Philosophical Approaches to Work and Labor”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University. Sumer 2023 https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry= work- labor.
  • Chu, Kay Hei Lin- Suzanne K. Murrmann. “Development and validation of the hospitality emotional labor scale”. Tourism Management 27/6 (2006), 1181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.011.
  • Comrey, Andrew L. - Howard B. Lee. A First Course in Factor Analysis. 2. Psychology Press., 1992. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827506.
  • Demirel, Ebru- Beyza Erer. “Duygusal zekâ ve iş yeri mutluluğu arasındaki ilişkide iş özerkliğinin rolü”. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research 9 (2022), 1–12.
  • “Determinants of health”. World Health Organization. WHO. 2024. WHO. https://www.who.int/news- room/questions-and-answers/item/determinants-of-health.
  • Diefendorff, James M.- Meredith H. Croyle- Robin H. Gosserand. “The di-mensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies”. Journal of Vocational Behavior 66/2 (2005), 339–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.02.001.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being.” Psychological Bulletin 95/3 (1984), 542–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.95.3.542.
  • Duman, Neslihan. “Duygusal emek: Bir literatür değerlendirmesi”. Interna-tional Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries 1/1 (2017), 29–39. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijemi/issue/37419/432876.
  • Dursun, Salih- Serpil Aytaç- Nuran Bayram. “Duygusal Emek Ölçeği Türk-çe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. The Journal of Indust-rial Relations and Human Resources 16/3 (2014), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.4026/1303-2860.2014.0252.
  • EEce, Süreyya ve Selma Gültekin. “Yönetici desteği ve örgütsel bağlılık: Ka-mu sektöründe bir uygulama”. Akadamik Bakış Dergisi 66 (2018), 82–93.
  • Eisenberger, Robert – Huntington, Robin – Hutchison, Steven – Sowa, Debpra. “Perceived Organisational Support”. Journal of Applied Psycho-logy 71/3 (1986), 500–507.
  • Erer, Beyza – Savaş, Yasemin. “The Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Effects of Leader-Members Exchange on Workplace Happiness in Academy”. Yükseköğretim Dergisi 14/1 (2023), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1298177.
  • Erhan, Tuğba. “İşyeri mutluluğu: Bir kavram incelemesi”. Uluslararası Top-lum Araştırmaları Dergisi 17/38 (2021), 5688–5712. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.883377.
  • Erol Korkmaz, Habibe Tuğba. “Sağlık sektöründe duygusal emeğin kişilik ve psikolojik esenlikle ilişkileri”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensti-tüsü Dergisi 5/1 (2021), 59–83.
  • Eurofound and International Labour Organization. 2019. Working conditions in a global perspective. https://doi.org/10.2806/870542.
  • Feitor, Sofia – Martins, Teresa – Borges, Elisabete. “Shorted Happiness at Work Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version in a Sample of Nurses”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20/1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010658.
  • Firmansyah, Deri – Wahdiniwaty, Rahma. “Happiness management: Theo-retical, practical and impact”. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 4/2 (2023), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.244.
  • Fisher, Cynthia D. “Happiness at Work”. International Journal of Management Reviews 12/4 (2010), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x.
  • Fitriana, Nina – Hutagalung, Fonny Dameaty – Awang, Zainudin – Zaid, Sumaia Mohammed. “Happiness at work: A cross-cultural validation of happiness at work scale”. PLoS ONE 17/1 (2022), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261617.
  • Fredrickson, Barbara L. “The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psycho-logy: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions.” American Psychologist 56/3 (2001), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.
  • Giray, Muazzez Deniz – Şahin, Deniz N. “Algılanan Örgütsel, Yönetici ve Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteği Ölçekleri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışma-sı”. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 15/30 (2012), 1–9.
  • Glomb, Theresa M. – Tews, Michael J. “Emotional Labor: A Conceptualiza-tion and Scale Development”. Journal of Vocational Behavior 64/1 (2004), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00038-1.
  • Göktepe, Esra Aydın. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi, Ge-çerliliği ve Güvenirliği”. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Busi-ness 46 / Special Issue (2017), 31–48.
  • Gonçalves, Tiago – Muñoz-Pascual, Lucía – Galende, Jesús – Oliveira, Mi-rian – Curado, Carla. “Techno- Social Systems and Conservation of Re-sources Theory for Workplace Happiness: Evidence of Linear and Non-Linear Influences in Healthcare”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 212 (2025), 123910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123910.
  • Gordon, Susan – Adler, Howard – Day, Jonathon – Sydnor, Sandra. “Perce-ived Supervisor Support: A Study of Select-Service Hotel Employees”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 38 (2019), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.002.
  • Graafland, Johan. “When Does Economic Freedom Promote Well-Being? On the Moderating Role of Long- Term Orientation”. Social Indicators Rese-arch 149/1 (2020), 127–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019- 02230-9.
  • Grandey, Alicia A. “Emotional Regulation in the Workplace: A New Way to Conceptualize Emotional Labor”. Journal of Occupational Health Psyc-hology 5/1 (2000), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.S.1.9S.
  • Gray, Patricia – Senabe, Sipho – Naicker, Nisha – Kgalamono, Spo – Yassi, Annalee – Spiegel, Jerry M. “Workplace-Based Organizational Interven-tions Promoting Mental Health and Happiness Among Healthcare Workers: A Realist Review”. International Journal of Environmental Rese-arch and Public Health 16/22 (2019), 4396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224396.
  • Gürbüz, Sait. AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. 2. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık., 2021.
  • Hair, Joseph F. - Barry J. Babin - Rolph E. Anderson - William C. Black. “Exploratory factor analysis” Multivariate Data Analysis, Boston: Cengage Learning., 2014
  • Hawes, Frances M.- Shuangshuang Wang. “The Impact of Supervisor Sup-port on the Job Satisfaction of Immigrant and Minority Long-Term Care Workers”. Journal of Applied Gerontology 41/10 (2022), 2157–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648221104088.
  • Hayes, Andrew F. An Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression- Based Approach. 2. baskı. New York: Guilford Press., 2018
  • Hochcshild, Arlie Russel. The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling,. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. C. 3. Colifornia: University of California Press., 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050030365.
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell. “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Struc-ture”. American Journal of Sociology 85/3 (1979), 551–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/227049.
  • Ju, Eun Ju, Young Chae Kwon, ve Mun Hee Nam. “Influence of Clinical Nurses’ Work Environment and Emotional Labor on Happiness Index”. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 21 (2), (2015) 212. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.212.
  • Kamel, José Augusto Nogueira- Caio Varela Martins- Mariana Batista Pes-sanha- Marcelo Weiler de Andrade. “Creativity and Innovation for Corporate Happiness Management”. Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology 4/1 (2017), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40552-017-0038-7.
  • Kanat, Masume. “Farabi ve Platon Felsefesinde Mutluluk”. Dünya İnsan Bi-limleri Dergisi 1 (Ocak 2023), 111–22, https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1091873.
  • Kara, Ergün- Mustafa İsmet Başboğa. “İşyeri Mutluluğu ve İş Tatmini İlişki-sinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Aracı Rolünün Belirlenmesi”. Meh-met Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1 (2022), 364–84. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910735
  • Karabulut, Ayşe- Oya Seymen Aytemiz. “Paternalist Liderlik Tarzı ve Ör-gütsel Özdeşleşme İlişkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracılık Et-kisi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/2 (2020), 59–82.
  • Karaca, Abdullah Emre- Mahmut Akbolat- Kemal Erden- Hakan Sağlam. “Algılanan Yönetici ve Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteğinin Örgütsel Bağlı-lığa Etkisi”. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies 2/2 (2022), 70– 84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7470275.
  • Karasek, Robert A- Konstantinos P Triantis- Sohail S Chaudhry. “Coworker and Supervisor Support as Moderators of Associations...”. Journal of Oc-cupational Behaviour 3(1982),181–200.
  • Kavaklı, Mehmet. “Why Do We Have Emotions? The Social Functions of Emotions”. Research on Education and Psychology 3/1(2019), 11–20.
  • Kaya, Esin- Ayşe Tekin. “Duygusal Emek Kavramı Çerçevesinde Sağlıkta Yeniden Yapılanma”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/8 (2013), 110–19.
  • Kaymaz, Volkan. “Sectoral Decomposition and Labor Efficiency”. Trends in Business and Economics 36/1 (2022), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.54614/tbe.2022.951336.
  • Kesen, Mustafa- Bülent Akyüz. “Duygusal Emek ve Prososyal Motivasyo-nun İşe Gömülmüşlüğe Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygula-ma”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85/1 (2016), 6.
  • Kılınç, Uğur- Mustafa Akdemir. “Perceptions of Authentic Leadership and Work Happiness: A Study in Hotel Businesses in Ankara”. International Journal of Tourism and Social Research 24/4 (2019), 793–811.
  • Kıral, Erkan. “Psychometric Properties of the Emotional Labor Scale in a Turkish Sample of School Administrators”. Eurasian Journal of Educatio-nal Research 16/63 (2016), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.63.5.
  • Kıyat, G. Banu Dayanç- Bünyamin Özgüleş- Sezer Cihan Günaydın. “Algı-lanan Kurumsal İtibar ve İşe Bağlılığın Duygusal Emek Davranışı Üze-rine Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Örneği”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 21/3 (2018), 473–94. http://www.waset.org/publications/10003243.
  • Koca, Didem. “Sanayi Devrimlerinin Tarihsel Arka Planı ve İşgücü Becerile-ri Üzerindeki Yansımaları”. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 16/31 (2020), 4531–58. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.704841.
  • Korkut, Nihan- Güney Çetin Gürkan. “Sağlık Çalışanlarının Algıladığı Yö-netici Desteğinin Duygusal Emek Üzerindeki Etkisinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi: Bir Kamu ve Bir Özel Hastane Örneği”. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1/1 (2019), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.467.
  • Köse, Sevinç- Lale Oral- Hilmiye Türesin. “Duygusal Emek Davranışlarının İşgörenler Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri İlişkisi Üzerine Sağlık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (2011), 165–85.
  • Kösen, Ceren-Hüseyin Arslan. “İşgören Mutluluğu ile Duygusal Emek ve İş Performansı İlişkisi”. Journal of Ibn Haldun Studies, Ibn Haldun University 9/1 (2024), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.36657/ihcd.2024.116.
  • Kraimer, Maria L.- Sandy J. Wayne. 2004. “An examination of perceived organizational support as a multidimensional construct in the context of an expatriate assignment”. Journal of Management 30/2 (2004), 209–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.01.001.
  • Krespi Boothby- Margörit Rita- Pervin Tunç Albayrak. “Duygusal emek ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özellikleri”. Psokolojik Danışma ve Eğitim Dergisi 1/2 (2015), 1–11.
  • Kruml, Susan M.-Deanna Geddes.“Exploring the dimensions of emotional labor: The Heart of Hochschild’s Work”. Management Communication Quarterly 14/1 (2000), 8–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318900141002.
  • Lear, Garriel Richardson.. Happy Lives and the Highest Good: An Essay on Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”. New Jersey: Princeton University Press., 2004
  • Li, Shike - Kriti Jain - Konstantina Tzini. 2022. “When Supervisor Support Backfires: The Link Between Perceived Supervisor Support and Unethical Pro-supervisor Behavior”. Journal of Business Ethics 179/1 (2022), 133–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04797-1.
  • Manzoor, Faiza - Longbao Wei - Abid Hussain - Muhammad Asif - Syed Irshad Ali Shah. 2019. “Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16/18 (2019), 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183318.
  • Murthy, Vivek H. 2022. “Confronting Health Worker Burnout and Well-Being”. New England Journal of Medicine 387(7):577–79. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2207252.
  • Muthuri, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi - Flavia Senkubuge - Charles Hongoro. 2020. “Determinants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: a systematic review”. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7/1 (2020), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00592-x.
  • Naglaa, Fathy Nomany Mohammed- Mahmoud Hassan Rabab - Molammed Elsayed Samah. “Perceived Nursing Supervisor Support and Its Influence on Job Embeddedness among Staff Nurses”. Egyptian Journal of Health Care 15/2 (2024), 892–904. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2024.357831.
  • Ndubuisi, Gideon Onyewuchi - Solomon Owusu - Rexford Kweku Asiama - Elvis Korku Avenyo. “Drivers of services sector growth acceleration in developing countries”. (2023) https://www.wider.unu.edu/ sites/ default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2023-87-drivers-services-sector-growth-acceleration- developing-countries.pdf.
  • Nedim, Malkoc - Dal Suzan. “The relationship between perceived manager support and work commitments of sports instructors”. Educational Research and Reviews 15/7 (2020), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2020.4007.
  • Novliadi, Ferry - Rini Anggraini. “Happiness at Work Viewed from Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support”. Içinde Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches, (2018),1815–20. - Science and Technology Publications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010102318151820.
  • Oral, Lale - Sevinç Köse. “Hekimlerin Duygusal Emek Kullanımı İle İş Doyumu Ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 16/2 (2011), 463–92.
  • Özdemir, Burak. 2022. “Perceived Organizational Support and Happiness At Work: the Role of Psychological Capital”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/1 (2022), 414–30. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1036948.
  • Özmen, Mehmet - Ali Apalı.“Muhasebe meslek elemanlarında duygusal emek ve işyeri mutluluğu ilişkisi : Burdur örneği”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi 21/2 (2018), 274–83.
  • Öztürk, Abdüssemed - Ayşe Günsel.“Hizmet yenilikçiliği kavrami ve sağlik sektöründe hi̇zmet yeni̇li̇kçi̇li̇ği̇ni̇n geli̇şi̇mi̇”. Uluslararası Turizm, İşletme, Ekonomi Dergisi 2/2 (2018), 402–18.
  • Pekdemir, Işıl - Koçoğlu, Merve - Çetin Gürkan Güney. 2013. “Birey-Örgüt Uyumunun Açıkça Konuşma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracılık Rolü: MBA Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”. İ. Ü. İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi 24/75 (2013), 83–104.
  • Peng, Chao Hua - Ye Chen - Tieying Zeng - Meiliyang Wu - Mengmei Yuan Ke Zhang. “Relationship between perceived organizational support and professional values of nurses: mediating effect of emotional labor”. BMC Nursing 21/1 (2022), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00927-w.
  • Polat, Zeynep - Aslı Köse. “Sağlık Çalışanlarında Algılanan Yönetici Desteği İle Psikolojik Sahiplenme Arasında Örgütsel Öğrenmenin Rolü ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin Etkisi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/1 (2024), 222–41. https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1484116.
  • Pontin, Eleanor - Matthias Schwannauer - Sara Tai - Peter Kinderman. “A UK validation of a general measure of subjective well-being: The modified BBC subjective well-being scale (BBC-SWB)”. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 11/1(2013), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-150.
  • Rhoades, Linda - Robert Eisenberger. 2002. “Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87/4 (2002), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698.
  • “Sağlık çalışanı istatistikleri”. Sağlık çalışanı istatistik. TÜİK, 2022. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIstatistikselTablo? p=hC6vWNXlZi0Rxl0Nf96PYW4Urjd1CZESuhKCDOD9T8u1wyoEgCozsgvL8CUe0Nhr.
  • Salas-Vallina, Andrés - Joaquín Alegre. “Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure”. Journal of Management & Organization 27/3 (2018), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.24.
  • Salas-Vallina, Andrés - Álvaro López-Cabrales - Joaquin Alegre - Rafael Fernández. 2017. “On the road to happiness at work (HAW)”. Personnel Review 46/2 (2017), 314–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2015-0186.
  • Saritha, S.R., ve Ujjal Mmukherjee. 2024. “Happiness at work: a systematic literature review”. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 7 (5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180911.
  • Saruhan, Şadi Can - Ata Özdemirci. Bilim, Felsefe ve Metodoloji. 3.Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım. 2013.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, Karin - Helfried Moosbrugger - Hans Müller. “Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”. Methods of Psychological Research 8/2 (2003), 23–74.
  • Settoon, Randall P. - Nathan Bennett - Robert C. Liden. 1996. “Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, and employee reciprocity.” Journal of Applied Psychology 81/3 (1996), 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219.
  • Siddiqi, Kazi Omar- Md Hasanur Rahman - Miguel Angel Esquivias - Lyna M.N. Hutapea. “The effect of perceived organizational and supervisor support on nurses’ turnover intention in Bangladesh: Does work- family conflict play a role?” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 10 (2024), 100992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100992.
  • Skogsberg, Matilda - Gustav Jarl - Marie Matérne. 2022. “Health care workers’ need for support from managers during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic”. BMC Health Services Research 22/1 (2022), 1– 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08937-9.
  • Sümbüloğlu, Vildan, ve Kadir Sümbüloğlu. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 4.Baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu. 2002
  • Taş, Aynur, ve Zülfi Umut Özkara. “İş Stresinin Algılanan Yönetici Desteği İle İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkide Üstlendiği Rol”. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 15/11 (2020), 477–504. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.662681.
  • Tsukamoto, Sirlene Aparecida Scarpin, Maria José Quina Galdino, Maynara Fernanda Carvalho Barreto, ve Júlia Trevisan Martins. 2022. “Burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing staff: a cross- sectional study”. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 140(1):101–7. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0068.r1.31052021.
  • “Türk Dil Kurumu"Mutluluk"”. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. 2024. https://sozluk.gov.tr/mutluluk. TDK. 2024.
  • “Türk dil kurumu/ Emek”. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. 2025. https://sozluk.gov.tr/Emek. TDK. 2025.
  • Tiryaki Sen, Hanife - Aytolan Yildirim. “The relationship between nurses’ perceived organizational, supervisor and co-worker support, psychological well-being and job performance”. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73/3 (2023), 552–57. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6594.
  • Tozkoparan, Güler - Yıldız Tenteriz. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği ve Algılanan Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteğinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi”. Business and Economics Research Journal 13/1 (2022), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2022.363.
  • Türkkan, Gönül - İlksun Didem Ülbeği. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi 29/4 (2022), 661–82. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1063360.
  • Turunç, Ömer - Senem Altan. “Algılanan Örgütsel Destek ile İş Yaşamında Mutluluk İlişkisinde Yaş ve İş Yaşam Dengesinin Rolü”. Journal of Business Research - Turk 13/3 (2021), 2552–70. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1277.
  • Üstün, Ferda. “Örgütsel Adalet Algisinin Duygusal EmekÜzeri̇nEtki̇si̇: Sağlik ÇalişanlariÜzeri̇neBi̇r Araştirma”. International Journal of Management Economics and Business 13/4 (2017), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2017433409.
  • Wen, Ji *Songshan (Sam) Huang - Pingping Hou. “Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model”. International Journal of Hospitality Management 81 (December 2018), 120–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.009.
  • Xiaolong, Tao - Nida Gull - Muhammad Asghar - Muddassar Sarfraz - Zhang Jianmin. “Does perceived supervisor support reduce turnover intention? The mediating effects of work engagement among healthcare professionals”. Work 74/3 (2023), 1001–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210509.
  • Xu, Yi Wei - Ling Fan. 2023. “Emotional labor and job satisfaction among nurses: The mediating effect of nurse–patient relationship”. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (June 2023), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094358.
  • Yang, Chunjiang - Aobo Chen. “Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review”. Human Systems Management 40/4 (2021), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200937.
  • Yang, Chunjiang - Yashuo Chen - Xinyuan Zhao. “Emotional Labor: Scale Development and Validation in the Chinese Context”. Frontiers in Psychology 10 (September 2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02095.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. Murat. “Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması”. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business 46/2 (2017), 74–85.
  • Yürür, Senay - Nihal Yazıcı - Çağrı Kırtay - Ağırbaş Sevcan. “Sağlık çalışanlarında duygusal emek: Doktor ya da hastalara karşı sergilenmesi sonucu değiştirir mi ?” Hacetetep Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 25/4 (2022), 797–812.
  • Zahrah, N, A Aziz - S N Hamid. 2019. “Supervisor Support and Job Performance among Nurses in Public Hospitals”. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics 6/6 (2019), 467–76.
  • Zeng, Zhi - Xiaoyu Wang - Haoran Bi - Yawen Li - Songhua Yue - Simeng Gu - Gaoyue Xiang. “Factors That Influence Perceived Organizational Support for Emotional Labor of Chinese Medical Personnel in Hubei”. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (Haziran 2021), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684830.

İşyeri Mutluluğunun Duygusal Emeğe Etkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracı Rolü

Year 2025, Issue: 14, 227 - 269, 15.09.2025

Kubilay Özer

https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1661664

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, işyeri mutluluğunun duygusal emek üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve bu ilişkide algılanan yönetici desteğinin aracı rolünü değerlendirmektir. Sosyal Değişim Teorisi ile Olumlu Duyguları Genişlet ve İnşa Et Teorisi çerçevesinde kurgulanan çalışmada, 1 Eylül – 31 Ekim 2024 tarihleri arasında TR-52 (Karaman-Konya) alt bölgesinde görev yapan 367 sağlık çalışanından anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Ölçüm aracı olarak işye-ri mutluluğu, duygusal emek ve algılanan yönetici desteği ölçekleri kulla-nılmış; veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve Hayes’in PROCESS Model 4 ile aracı etki analiz edilmiştir. Bulgu-lar, işyeri mutluluğunun hem algılanan yönetici desteği hem de duygusal emek üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak yönetici desteğinin duygusal emek üzerinde doğrudan etkisi istatistiksel ola-rak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Öte yandan, işyeri mutluluğu ile duygusal emek arasındaki ilişkide yönetici desteğinin kısmi bir aracılık rolü üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, çalışan mutluluğunun duygusal emeği güçlendirdiğini ve algılanan destek yoluyla bu etkinin daha da pekiştirilebilece-ğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Sağlık çalışanı işyeri mutluluğu duygusal emek algılanan yönetici desteği

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etik kurulundan alınmıştır. Tarih: 26.04.2024 Sayı No:7/159

References

  • Abbey, Antonia- David J. Abramis - Robert D. Caplan. “Effects of Different Sources of Social Support and Social Conflict on Emotional Well-Being”. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 6/2 (1985), 111–129.
  • Akdağ, Recep. “Nereden nereye Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı Kasım 2002- Haziran 2007”. 2007.https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Yayin/180.
  • Altan, Senem-Murat Özpehlivan. “Duygusal emek ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi”. International Journal of Management and Administration 3/5 (2019), 80–100. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.518590
  • Altaş, Sabiha Sevinç- Hülya Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu- Gönül Konakay- Mu-rat Günsel. “Relationships among Supervisor Support, Autonomy, Job Satisfaction and Emotional Labor on Nurses Within the Turkey Context of Healthcare Services”. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (Ocak 2024), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303170
  • Andrew, Morris J.- Daniel C. Feldman. “The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor”. Academy of Management 21/ 4 (1996), 986–1010. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9704071861.
  • Arıcı, Handan Yalvaç. “Mutluluk Tarihi”. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 (2020), 217–243.
  • Ashforth, Blake E.- Ronald H. Humphrey. “Emotional Roles: The Influen-ce”. The Academy of Management Review 18/1 (1993), 88–115.
  • Aslan, Yasemin. 2023. “Örgütlerde Duygusal Emek”. Içinde Yönetim, Organizasyon ve Strateji Üzerine Araştırmalar, editör Mehmet Seyhan, 1. baskı, 49–67. Özgür Yayınları. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub66.c153.
  • Atilla, Gaye- Cumali Kılıç. “Algılanan örgütsel desteğin duygusal emek ve örgütsel sessizlikle ilişkisi: Banka çalışanları üzerinde bir uygulama”. Artuklu Kaime Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi 5/2 (2022), 123–144.
  • Aydın, Delal- Özcan Demir. “Psychological Capital of Healthcare Workers: Importance and Effects”. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research 10/101 (2023), 2972–2980.
  • Aydoğan, Enver. “Etik liderliğin duygusal emek üzerine etkisi: Sağlık çalı-şanları üzerine bir araştırma”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İkti-sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (2019), 286–309
  • Aytaş, Gonca- Mustafa Gülaydın. “Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Duygusal Emek Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi: Afyonkarahisar’daki Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmeleri Örneği”. Journal of Business Research- Turk 12/4 (2020), 3433– 3450. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.1050
  • Baş, Murat- Gürkan Alagöz. “Çalışan Motivasyonu ve İşyeri Mutluluğu Arasındaki İlişkide Kişi-Örgüt Uyumunun Aracı Rolü”. Verimlilik Der-gisi 4 (2022), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1078634.
  • Başlar, Yasin- Esra Aydın Göktepe. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Çalışan-ların Duygusal Emekleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Alan Araştırması”. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi 4/1 (2021), 136–156. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.857542.
  • Beğenirbaş, Memduh- Nejat Basım. “Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi 19/1 (2012), 77–90. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/146079.
  • Bellet, Clément S.- Jan-Emmanuel De Neve- George Ward. “Does Employee Happiness Have an Impact on Productivity?” Management Science 70/3 (2024), 1656–1679. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4766
  • Bhanthumnavin, Duchduen. “Importance of Supervisory Social Support and Its Implications for HRD in Thailand”. Psychology and Developing Societies 12/2 (2000), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360001200203.
  • Bilginoğlu, Elif- Uğur Yozgat. “İşyerinde Mutluluk Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. Journal of Yasar University 15 (Ka-sım 2020), 201–204.
  • Blau, Peter M. “Justice in Social Exchange”. Sociological Inquiry 34/2 (1964), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x.
  • Bridgman, Michael. The Hidden Power of Employee Happiness: Happiness Achieves Employee Excellence. 1. baskı. South Carolina: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2017
  • Brotheridge, Céleste M.- Raymond T. Lee. “Development and Validation of the Emotional Labour Scale”. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 76/3 (2003), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647229.
  • Bryman, Alan- Duncan Cramer. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS Re-lease 10 for Windows. Routledge, 2002. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203471548.
  • Çaldağ, Mehmet Ali. Duygusal emek davranışlarının sağlık çalışanlarında iş sonuçlarına etkileri. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans, 2010
  • Canbolat, Mehmet Ali. “Duygusal emeğin iş performansına etkisinde işten ayrılma niyetinin düzenleyici etkisi”. Uluslararası Akademik Birikim Der-gisi 6/4 (2023), 452–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10045352.
  • Cholbi, Michael. “Philosophical Approaches to Work and Labor”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University. Sumer 2023 https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry= work- labor.
  • Chu, Kay Hei Lin- Suzanne K. Murrmann. “Development and validation of the hospitality emotional labor scale”. Tourism Management 27/6 (2006), 1181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.011.
  • Comrey, Andrew L. - Howard B. Lee. A First Course in Factor Analysis. 2. Psychology Press., 1992. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827506.
  • Demirel, Ebru- Beyza Erer. “Duygusal zekâ ve iş yeri mutluluğu arasındaki ilişkide iş özerkliğinin rolü”. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research 9 (2022), 1–12.
  • “Determinants of health”. World Health Organization. WHO. 2024. WHO. https://www.who.int/news- room/questions-and-answers/item/determinants-of-health.
  • Diefendorff, James M.- Meredith H. Croyle- Robin H. Gosserand. “The di-mensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies”. Journal of Vocational Behavior 66/2 (2005), 339–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.02.001.
  • Diener, Ed. “Subjective well-being.” Psychological Bulletin 95/3 (1984), 542–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.95.3.542.
  • Duman, Neslihan. “Duygusal emek: Bir literatür değerlendirmesi”. Interna-tional Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries 1/1 (2017), 29–39. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijemi/issue/37419/432876.
  • Dursun, Salih- Serpil Aytaç- Nuran Bayram. “Duygusal Emek Ölçeği Türk-çe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. The Journal of Indust-rial Relations and Human Resources 16/3 (2014), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.4026/1303-2860.2014.0252.
  • EEce, Süreyya ve Selma Gültekin. “Yönetici desteği ve örgütsel bağlılık: Ka-mu sektöründe bir uygulama”. Akadamik Bakış Dergisi 66 (2018), 82–93.
  • Eisenberger, Robert – Huntington, Robin – Hutchison, Steven – Sowa, Debpra. “Perceived Organisational Support”. Journal of Applied Psycho-logy 71/3 (1986), 500–507.
  • Erer, Beyza – Savaş, Yasemin. “The Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Effects of Leader-Members Exchange on Workplace Happiness in Academy”. Yükseköğretim Dergisi 14/1 (2023), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1298177.
  • Erhan, Tuğba. “İşyeri mutluluğu: Bir kavram incelemesi”. Uluslararası Top-lum Araştırmaları Dergisi 17/38 (2021), 5688–5712. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.883377.
  • Erol Korkmaz, Habibe Tuğba. “Sağlık sektöründe duygusal emeğin kişilik ve psikolojik esenlikle ilişkileri”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensti-tüsü Dergisi 5/1 (2021), 59–83.
  • Eurofound and International Labour Organization. 2019. Working conditions in a global perspective. https://doi.org/10.2806/870542.
  • Feitor, Sofia – Martins, Teresa – Borges, Elisabete. “Shorted Happiness at Work Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version in a Sample of Nurses”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20/1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010658.
  • Firmansyah, Deri – Wahdiniwaty, Rahma. “Happiness management: Theo-retical, practical and impact”. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 4/2 (2023), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.244.
  • Fisher, Cynthia D. “Happiness at Work”. International Journal of Management Reviews 12/4 (2010), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x.
  • Fitriana, Nina – Hutagalung, Fonny Dameaty – Awang, Zainudin – Zaid, Sumaia Mohammed. “Happiness at work: A cross-cultural validation of happiness at work scale”. PLoS ONE 17/1 (2022), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261617.
  • Fredrickson, Barbara L. “The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psycho-logy: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions.” American Psychologist 56/3 (2001), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.
  • Giray, Muazzez Deniz – Şahin, Deniz N. “Algılanan Örgütsel, Yönetici ve Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteği Ölçekleri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışma-sı”. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 15/30 (2012), 1–9.
  • Glomb, Theresa M. – Tews, Michael J. “Emotional Labor: A Conceptualiza-tion and Scale Development”. Journal of Vocational Behavior 64/1 (2004), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00038-1.
  • Göktepe, Esra Aydın. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi, Ge-çerliliği ve Güvenirliği”. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Busi-ness 46 / Special Issue (2017), 31–48.
  • Gonçalves, Tiago – Muñoz-Pascual, Lucía – Galende, Jesús – Oliveira, Mi-rian – Curado, Carla. “Techno- Social Systems and Conservation of Re-sources Theory for Workplace Happiness: Evidence of Linear and Non-Linear Influences in Healthcare”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 212 (2025), 123910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123910.
  • Gordon, Susan – Adler, Howard – Day, Jonathon – Sydnor, Sandra. “Perce-ived Supervisor Support: A Study of Select-Service Hotel Employees”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 38 (2019), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.002.
  • Graafland, Johan. “When Does Economic Freedom Promote Well-Being? On the Moderating Role of Long- Term Orientation”. Social Indicators Rese-arch 149/1 (2020), 127–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019- 02230-9.
  • Grandey, Alicia A. “Emotional Regulation in the Workplace: A New Way to Conceptualize Emotional Labor”. Journal of Occupational Health Psyc-hology 5/1 (2000), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.S.1.9S.
  • Gray, Patricia – Senabe, Sipho – Naicker, Nisha – Kgalamono, Spo – Yassi, Annalee – Spiegel, Jerry M. “Workplace-Based Organizational Interven-tions Promoting Mental Health and Happiness Among Healthcare Workers: A Realist Review”. International Journal of Environmental Rese-arch and Public Health 16/22 (2019), 4396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224396.
  • Gürbüz, Sait. AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. 2. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık., 2021.
  • Hair, Joseph F. - Barry J. Babin - Rolph E. Anderson - William C. Black. “Exploratory factor analysis” Multivariate Data Analysis, Boston: Cengage Learning., 2014
  • Hawes, Frances M.- Shuangshuang Wang. “The Impact of Supervisor Sup-port on the Job Satisfaction of Immigrant and Minority Long-Term Care Workers”. Journal of Applied Gerontology 41/10 (2022), 2157–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648221104088.
  • Hayes, Andrew F. An Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression- Based Approach. 2. baskı. New York: Guilford Press., 2018
  • Hochcshild, Arlie Russel. The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling,. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. C. 3. Colifornia: University of California Press., 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050030365.
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell. “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Struc-ture”. American Journal of Sociology 85/3 (1979), 551–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/227049.
  • Ju, Eun Ju, Young Chae Kwon, ve Mun Hee Nam. “Influence of Clinical Nurses’ Work Environment and Emotional Labor on Happiness Index”. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 21 (2), (2015) 212. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.212.
  • Kamel, José Augusto Nogueira- Caio Varela Martins- Mariana Batista Pes-sanha- Marcelo Weiler de Andrade. “Creativity and Innovation for Corporate Happiness Management”. Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology 4/1 (2017), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40552-017-0038-7.
  • Kanat, Masume. “Farabi ve Platon Felsefesinde Mutluluk”. Dünya İnsan Bi-limleri Dergisi 1 (Ocak 2023), 111–22, https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1091873.
  • Kara, Ergün- Mustafa İsmet Başboğa. “İşyeri Mutluluğu ve İş Tatmini İlişki-sinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Aracı Rolünün Belirlenmesi”. Meh-met Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1 (2022), 364–84. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910735
  • Karabulut, Ayşe- Oya Seymen Aytemiz. “Paternalist Liderlik Tarzı ve Ör-gütsel Özdeşleşme İlişkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracılık Et-kisi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/2 (2020), 59–82.
  • Karaca, Abdullah Emre- Mahmut Akbolat- Kemal Erden- Hakan Sağlam. “Algılanan Yönetici ve Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteğinin Örgütsel Bağlı-lığa Etkisi”. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies 2/2 (2022), 70– 84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7470275.
  • Karasek, Robert A- Konstantinos P Triantis- Sohail S Chaudhry. “Coworker and Supervisor Support as Moderators of Associations...”. Journal of Oc-cupational Behaviour 3(1982),181–200.
  • Kavaklı, Mehmet. “Why Do We Have Emotions? The Social Functions of Emotions”. Research on Education and Psychology 3/1(2019), 11–20.
  • Kaya, Esin- Ayşe Tekin. “Duygusal Emek Kavramı Çerçevesinde Sağlıkta Yeniden Yapılanma”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/8 (2013), 110–19.
  • Kaymaz, Volkan. “Sectoral Decomposition and Labor Efficiency”. Trends in Business and Economics 36/1 (2022), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.54614/tbe.2022.951336.
  • Kesen, Mustafa- Bülent Akyüz. “Duygusal Emek ve Prososyal Motivasyo-nun İşe Gömülmüşlüğe Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygula-ma”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85/1 (2016), 6.
  • Kılınç, Uğur- Mustafa Akdemir. “Perceptions of Authentic Leadership and Work Happiness: A Study in Hotel Businesses in Ankara”. International Journal of Tourism and Social Research 24/4 (2019), 793–811.
  • Kıral, Erkan. “Psychometric Properties of the Emotional Labor Scale in a Turkish Sample of School Administrators”. Eurasian Journal of Educatio-nal Research 16/63 (2016), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.63.5.
  • Kıyat, G. Banu Dayanç- Bünyamin Özgüleş- Sezer Cihan Günaydın. “Algı-lanan Kurumsal İtibar ve İşe Bağlılığın Duygusal Emek Davranışı Üze-rine Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Örneği”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 21/3 (2018), 473–94. http://www.waset.org/publications/10003243.
  • Koca, Didem. “Sanayi Devrimlerinin Tarihsel Arka Planı ve İşgücü Becerile-ri Üzerindeki Yansımaları”. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 16/31 (2020), 4531–58. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.704841.
  • Korkut, Nihan- Güney Çetin Gürkan. “Sağlık Çalışanlarının Algıladığı Yö-netici Desteğinin Duygusal Emek Üzerindeki Etkisinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi: Bir Kamu ve Bir Özel Hastane Örneği”. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1/1 (2019), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.467.
  • Köse, Sevinç- Lale Oral- Hilmiye Türesin. “Duygusal Emek Davranışlarının İşgörenler Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri İlişkisi Üzerine Sağlık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (2011), 165–85.
  • Kösen, Ceren-Hüseyin Arslan. “İşgören Mutluluğu ile Duygusal Emek ve İş Performansı İlişkisi”. Journal of Ibn Haldun Studies, Ibn Haldun University 9/1 (2024), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.36657/ihcd.2024.116.
  • Kraimer, Maria L.- Sandy J. Wayne. 2004. “An examination of perceived organizational support as a multidimensional construct in the context of an expatriate assignment”. Journal of Management 30/2 (2004), 209–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.01.001.
  • Krespi Boothby- Margörit Rita- Pervin Tunç Albayrak. “Duygusal emek ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özellikleri”. Psokolojik Danışma ve Eğitim Dergisi 1/2 (2015), 1–11.
  • Kruml, Susan M.-Deanna Geddes.“Exploring the dimensions of emotional labor: The Heart of Hochschild’s Work”. Management Communication Quarterly 14/1 (2000), 8–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318900141002.
  • Lear, Garriel Richardson.. Happy Lives and the Highest Good: An Essay on Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”. New Jersey: Princeton University Press., 2004
  • Li, Shike - Kriti Jain - Konstantina Tzini. 2022. “When Supervisor Support Backfires: The Link Between Perceived Supervisor Support and Unethical Pro-supervisor Behavior”. Journal of Business Ethics 179/1 (2022), 133–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04797-1.
  • Manzoor, Faiza - Longbao Wei - Abid Hussain - Muhammad Asif - Syed Irshad Ali Shah. 2019. “Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16/18 (2019), 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183318.
  • Murthy, Vivek H. 2022. “Confronting Health Worker Burnout and Well-Being”. New England Journal of Medicine 387(7):577–79. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2207252.
  • Muthuri, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi - Flavia Senkubuge - Charles Hongoro. 2020. “Determinants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: a systematic review”. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7/1 (2020), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00592-x.
  • Naglaa, Fathy Nomany Mohammed- Mahmoud Hassan Rabab - Molammed Elsayed Samah. “Perceived Nursing Supervisor Support and Its Influence on Job Embeddedness among Staff Nurses”. Egyptian Journal of Health Care 15/2 (2024), 892–904. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2024.357831.
  • Ndubuisi, Gideon Onyewuchi - Solomon Owusu - Rexford Kweku Asiama - Elvis Korku Avenyo. “Drivers of services sector growth acceleration in developing countries”. (2023) https://www.wider.unu.edu/ sites/ default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2023-87-drivers-services-sector-growth-acceleration- developing-countries.pdf.
  • Nedim, Malkoc - Dal Suzan. “The relationship between perceived manager support and work commitments of sports instructors”. Educational Research and Reviews 15/7 (2020), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2020.4007.
  • Novliadi, Ferry - Rini Anggraini. “Happiness at Work Viewed from Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support”. Içinde Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches, (2018),1815–20. - Science and Technology Publications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010102318151820.
  • Oral, Lale - Sevinç Köse. “Hekimlerin Duygusal Emek Kullanımı İle İş Doyumu Ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 16/2 (2011), 463–92.
  • Özdemir, Burak. 2022. “Perceived Organizational Support and Happiness At Work: the Role of Psychological Capital”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/1 (2022), 414–30. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1036948.
  • Özmen, Mehmet - Ali Apalı.“Muhasebe meslek elemanlarında duygusal emek ve işyeri mutluluğu ilişkisi : Burdur örneği”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi 21/2 (2018), 274–83.
  • Öztürk, Abdüssemed - Ayşe Günsel.“Hizmet yenilikçiliği kavrami ve sağlik sektöründe hi̇zmet yeni̇li̇kçi̇li̇ği̇ni̇n geli̇şi̇mi̇”. Uluslararası Turizm, İşletme, Ekonomi Dergisi 2/2 (2018), 402–18.
  • Pekdemir, Işıl - Koçoğlu, Merve - Çetin Gürkan Güney. 2013. “Birey-Örgüt Uyumunun Açıkça Konuşma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracılık Rolü: MBA Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”. İ. Ü. İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi 24/75 (2013), 83–104.
  • Peng, Chao Hua - Ye Chen - Tieying Zeng - Meiliyang Wu - Mengmei Yuan Ke Zhang. “Relationship between perceived organizational support and professional values of nurses: mediating effect of emotional labor”. BMC Nursing 21/1 (2022), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00927-w.
  • Polat, Zeynep - Aslı Köse. “Sağlık Çalışanlarında Algılanan Yönetici Desteği İle Psikolojik Sahiplenme Arasında Örgütsel Öğrenmenin Rolü ve Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin Etkisi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/1 (2024), 222–41. https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1484116.
  • Pontin, Eleanor - Matthias Schwannauer - Sara Tai - Peter Kinderman. “A UK validation of a general measure of subjective well-being: The modified BBC subjective well-being scale (BBC-SWB)”. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 11/1(2013), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-150.
  • Rhoades, Linda - Robert Eisenberger. 2002. “Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87/4 (2002), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698.
  • “Sağlık çalışanı istatistikleri”. Sağlık çalışanı istatistik. TÜİK, 2022. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIstatistikselTablo? p=hC6vWNXlZi0Rxl0Nf96PYW4Urjd1CZESuhKCDOD9T8u1wyoEgCozsgvL8CUe0Nhr.
  • Salas-Vallina, Andrés - Joaquín Alegre. “Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure”. Journal of Management & Organization 27/3 (2018), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.24.
  • Salas-Vallina, Andrés - Álvaro López-Cabrales - Joaquin Alegre - Rafael Fernández. 2017. “On the road to happiness at work (HAW)”. Personnel Review 46/2 (2017), 314–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2015-0186.
  • Saritha, S.R., ve Ujjal Mmukherjee. 2024. “Happiness at work: a systematic literature review”. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 7 (5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180911.
  • Saruhan, Şadi Can - Ata Özdemirci. Bilim, Felsefe ve Metodoloji. 3.Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım. 2013.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, Karin - Helfried Moosbrugger - Hans Müller. “Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”. Methods of Psychological Research 8/2 (2003), 23–74.
  • Settoon, Randall P. - Nathan Bennett - Robert C. Liden. 1996. “Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, and employee reciprocity.” Journal of Applied Psychology 81/3 (1996), 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219.
  • Siddiqi, Kazi Omar- Md Hasanur Rahman - Miguel Angel Esquivias - Lyna M.N. Hutapea. “The effect of perceived organizational and supervisor support on nurses’ turnover intention in Bangladesh: Does work- family conflict play a role?” Social Sciences & Humanities Open 10 (2024), 100992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100992.
  • Skogsberg, Matilda - Gustav Jarl - Marie Matérne. 2022. “Health care workers’ need for support from managers during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic”. BMC Health Services Research 22/1 (2022), 1– 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08937-9.
  • Sümbüloğlu, Vildan, ve Kadir Sümbüloğlu. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 4.Baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu. 2002
  • Taş, Aynur, ve Zülfi Umut Özkara. “İş Stresinin Algılanan Yönetici Desteği İle İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkide Üstlendiği Rol”. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 15/11 (2020), 477–504. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.662681.
  • Tsukamoto, Sirlene Aparecida Scarpin, Maria José Quina Galdino, Maynara Fernanda Carvalho Barreto, ve Júlia Trevisan Martins. 2022. “Burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing staff: a cross- sectional study”. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 140(1):101–7. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0068.r1.31052021.
  • “Türk Dil Kurumu"Mutluluk"”. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. 2024. https://sozluk.gov.tr/mutluluk. TDK. 2024.
  • “Türk dil kurumu/ Emek”. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. 2025. https://sozluk.gov.tr/Emek. TDK. 2025.
  • Tiryaki Sen, Hanife - Aytolan Yildirim. “The relationship between nurses’ perceived organizational, supervisor and co-worker support, psychological well-being and job performance”. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73/3 (2023), 552–57. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6594.
  • Tozkoparan, Güler - Yıldız Tenteriz. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği ve Algılanan Çalışma Arkadaşları Desteğinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi”. Business and Economics Research Journal 13/1 (2022), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2022.363.
  • Türkkan, Gönül - İlksun Didem Ülbeği. “Algılanan Yönetici Desteği ve Yöneticiye Güvenin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi 29/4 (2022), 661–82. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1063360.
  • Turunç, Ömer - Senem Altan. “Algılanan Örgütsel Destek ile İş Yaşamında Mutluluk İlişkisinde Yaş ve İş Yaşam Dengesinin Rolü”. Journal of Business Research - Turk 13/3 (2021), 2552–70. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1277.
  • Üstün, Ferda. “Örgütsel Adalet Algisinin Duygusal EmekÜzeri̇nEtki̇si̇: Sağlik ÇalişanlariÜzeri̇neBi̇r Araştirma”. International Journal of Management Economics and Business 13/4 (2017), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2017433409.
  • Wen, Ji *Songshan (Sam) Huang - Pingping Hou. “Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model”. International Journal of Hospitality Management 81 (December 2018), 120–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.009.
  • Xiaolong, Tao - Nida Gull - Muhammad Asghar - Muddassar Sarfraz - Zhang Jianmin. “Does perceived supervisor support reduce turnover intention? The mediating effects of work engagement among healthcare professionals”. Work 74/3 (2023), 1001–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210509.
  • Xu, Yi Wei - Ling Fan. 2023. “Emotional labor and job satisfaction among nurses: The mediating effect of nurse–patient relationship”. Frontiers in Psychology 14 (June 2023), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094358.
  • Yang, Chunjiang - Aobo Chen. “Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review”. Human Systems Management 40/4 (2021), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200937.
  • Yang, Chunjiang - Yashuo Chen - Xinyuan Zhao. “Emotional Labor: Scale Development and Validation in the Chinese Context”. Frontiers in Psychology 10 (September 2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02095.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. Murat. “Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması”. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business 46/2 (2017), 74–85.
  • Yürür, Senay - Nihal Yazıcı - Çağrı Kırtay - Ağırbaş Sevcan. “Sağlık çalışanlarında duygusal emek: Doktor ya da hastalara karşı sergilenmesi sonucu değiştirir mi ?” Hacetetep Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 25/4 (2022), 797–812.
  • Zahrah, N, A Aziz - S N Hamid. 2019. “Supervisor Support and Job Performance among Nurses in Public Hospitals”. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics 6/6 (2019), 467–76.
  • Zeng, Zhi - Xiaoyu Wang - Haoran Bi - Yawen Li - Songhua Yue - Simeng Gu - Gaoyue Xiang. “Factors That Influence Perceived Organizational Support for Emotional Labor of Chinese Medical Personnel in Hubei”. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (Haziran 2021), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684830.
There are 125 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kubilay Özer 0000-0002-4043-5047

Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date March 20, 2025
Acceptance Date June 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 14

Cite

ISNAD Özer, Kubilay. “İşyeri Mutluluğunun Duygusal Emeğe Etkisinde Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin Aracı Rolü”. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 (September2025), 227-269. https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1661664.
 Download Cover Image

Mevzu – Journal of Social Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).

SHERPA ROMEO | LOCKSS | Crossref Participation Report | DOI | OAI