Ultimi documenti

Riassunto : This study investigates the integration and effects of artificial intelligence and algorithmic management (AM) technologies within European workplaces, extending beyond the realm of platform work. It thoroughly examines the European regulatory framework for the use of AM technologies, engages in stakeholder interviews, and analyses case studies within the logistics, healthcare, telecoms, automotive and manufacturing sectors, revealing notable gaps in worker protection and regulatory oversight. The study estimates that exposure to AM could rise from 42.3 % to 55.5 % in the medium term, generating productivity opportunities but also challenges in employment relations, working conditions and workers' wellbeing. It identifies key regulatory gaps in AM use at work, and explores the role EU legislation could play both in addressing the gaps and in guaranteeing responsible use of AM in the workplace. It develops three policy options: adopting a recommendation; amending a package of existing legislation; and adopting a new legislative instrument to regulate the use of AM. The added value of acting at EU level has been identified in ensuring the same level of protection for all workers, improving working conditions and safeguarding fundamental rights. For companies, having a common set of rules would enhance the level playing field and increase legal certainty.

Autori : JANCOVA LENKA, ALBUQUERQUE ARENGA MARGARIDA, SINICATO Filippo

Riassunto : This briefing outlines recent and past developments concerning Romania's fiscal situation and the steps taken under the Excessive Deficit Procedure. On 4 June 2025, the Commission issued a recommendation stating that Romania had failed to take effective corrective action. The Council adopted a decision in this regard on 20 June. In July 2025, the Council required Romania to present measures by 15 October 2025; Romania has since adopted two fiscal packages. Because of the June Council decision, the Commission would be obliged to propose the suspension of payments or commitments under the ESI Funds and the RRF. This briefing reviews Romania's macroeconomic and fiscal situation (Section 1), EDP developments including fiscal packages adopted (Section 2), Country-Specific Recommendations (Section 3), EU funds at stake (Section 4), the legal framework for suspensions (Section 5), and the role of the European Parliament with lessons from the 2016 Spain-Portugal precedent (Section 6).

Autori : SCHWARCZ András, DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL, GOUARDERES Frederic, MAZZOCCHI Ronny, LOI GIACOMO, GHIRAN-MERVEILLE Anda-Diana, SALVA BASTIEN ROMÉO EMILE

Riassunto : In this paper, we propose a multistep algorithmic method that enables us to determine the seat allocation for the European Parliament on a permanent basis applicable across various scenarios, including different numbers of Member States and their population sizes. According to the Lisbon Treaty, the allocation of seats must take into account a number of constraints regarding the minimum and maximum number of seats allocated to each Member State, the maximum size of the European Parliament, and degressive proportionality.

Riassunto : In order to help national authorities improve their capacity to implement reforms, the European Parliament and the Council adopted a regulation in 2021 that established the Technical Support Instrument (TSI). This note outlines the TSI’s key features, procedures, and reporting requirements, and takes a critical look at the latest TSI Annual Report for 2024, focussing in particular on what it says about support for reforms set out in national Recovery and Resilience Plans.

Autori : MAGNUS Marcel, LOI GIACOMO, BECKER ĐURIČIĆ RUDI

Riassunto : On 19 March 2025, the European Commission presented its communication on the Savings and Investments Union (SIU), outlining a strategic framework for future financial services initiatives. This briefing places the SIU in the context of the Capital Markets Union (CMU) launched in 2015 and reviews progress to date using selected indicators from the Commission’s own monitoring framework. Despite extensive legislative efforts, several indicators show only limited improvement, echoing the conclusions of recent reports by Draghi, Letta and Noyer. Against this background, it is worth reflecting on how to ensure that the SIU does not encounter the same shortcomings as the CMU.

Autori : MAGNUS Marcel, MAZZOCCHI Ronny, LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI), exposes the adverse effect of legislative complexity to the application of EU law, and advocates the reform of the monitoring of the application of EU law to embrace a qualitative, in depth evaluation of complexity, as a contributor of legislative effectiveness of EU Acts and implementing measures for all three legislative audiences (citizens, Member States and national authorities, and EU institutions).

Riassunto : This study examines the impact of Conditionality Regulation measures on final recipients and beneficiaries of EU funds in Hungary and draws lessons from this experience. It explores the concept of ‘smart conditionality’ and potential avenues to implement it, including possible changes to the legislative framework governing implementation of the EU budget.

Autori : POUWELS Alexandra Cynthia Jana

Riassunto : The CONT Committee organised a conference to mark the 50th anniversary of the Budgetary Treaty of Brussels. The event, held on 24 September 2025, reflected on the history and evolution of the Treaty, highlighting key developments over the past 50 years (1975-2025). It also examined the future challenges of parliamentary scrutiny and budgetary control.

Riassunto : This study reviews the current framework to protect democracy in the EU in view of the forthcoming European Democracy Shield. It provides a comprehensive map of the existing instruments, while identifying and assessing outstanding policy challenges, regulatory gaps and implementation issues. The study also formulates recommendations to strengthen democratic resilience. The study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the EUDS Special Committee

Riassunto : State of play - 10th legislative term, as of October 2025 This document provides an overview of the European Parliament’s committee-level Economic Dialogues with other institutions of the European Union under the European Semester for economic policy coordination. It also lists the Recovery and Resilience Dialogues with the European Commission as undertaken by the competent committee(s) since the start of the current legislative term in June 2024, and includes an overview of the respective legal bases. During the 10th legislative term, the competent committees have so far held 5 Recovery and Resilience Dialogues and 3 Economic Dialogues with the European Commission, 3 Economic Dialogues with the Council, and 1 Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup.

Autori : LOI GIACOMO, BECKER ĐURIČIĆ RUDI

Riassunto : Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) was establised in 2021 to put Europe’s ambition on cancer prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and quality of life for patients and survivors into practice. It consists of ten flagship initiatives, each supported by EU-funded projects, most of which have already concluded. The EBCP has established important foundations by creating networks, mapping inequalities, and investing in knowledge centres. These achievements now provide a basis to advance cancer research, improve care delivery, and make better use of existing tools.

Autori : VANDE LANOITTE EVELYNE ANNA

Riassunto : STATE OF PLAY – October 2025 This table provides a regular update on Member States invited for an Economic Dialogue in the competent Committee of the European Parliament and an overview of the respective legal base.

Autori : LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : Housing affordability problems are widespread across the European Union. This in-depth analysis explains how different groups experience these problems in different ways, focusing on younger people, households with children and older people. It does so using a framework mapping housing affordability problems in terms of housing exclusion, housing insecurity, problematic housing costs and housing inadequacy. It critically discusses how demand and supply oriented housing policies, as well as non-housing policies, can address these problems.

Riassunto : A surge in autocratic governance has become increasingly threatening to global politics, having gathered momentum over the past two decades. This autocratic wave continues to evolve, becoming ever more complex and diverse as it unfolds. Hence, the shifting dynamics driving this wave need to be fully understood and disaggregated if the European Union (EU) is to design effective responses. Democratic strategy needs not only to hold at bay severe repression, but also to engage with the ideas and narratives that underpin autocracy’s apparent appeal. Accordingly, this paper draws on historical and contemporary writings that present various arguments against democracy. After unpacking the different components of this autocratic wave, EU responses over recent years are assessed, looking at how these relate to pro-authoritarian narratives. It finds that the EU has improved many elements of its policies during this time but still needs to tailor its strategies to the ideational aspects of anti-democratic trends.

Riassunto : This digest provides a collection of documents prepared by academia, think tanks, other EU institutions and bodies, as well as stakeholders that could be useful for Members of the European Parliament’s Committee on Budgets to stay informed about the debate concerning the next Multiannual Financial Framework, due to start in 2028. It is one in a series produced monthly by the Budgetary Support Unit in the Directorate-General for Budgetary Affairs (DG BUDG) and the Members' Research Service in the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS).

Autori : SCHWARCZ András, HOPP Balazs

Riassunto : The IA was conducted 'back to back' (in parallel) with an ex-post evaluation of the current EU securitisation framework. Based on the evaluation it identifies three regulatory problems leading to a persistently subdued securitisation market. On the positive side, the IA directly relates the problem definition and the options' assessment to the most affected stakeholder groups and follows a clear intervention logic. It is transparent about uncertainties and limitations stemming from data gaps and from significant challenges in quantifying the impacts of specific legislative measures, given the complex internal and external factors influencing financial markets and stability. On the weaker side, the IA does not clearly define the specific measures under each option, which makes it difficult to fully understand their characteristics, impacts and trade-offs. The range of options seems limited (although in line with the minimum better regulation criteria). Stakeholder feedback is consistently referenced, revealing divided positions on various aspects, which complicates the assessment of overall support for the proposed measures. These issues, along with the technical and complex nature of the issues at hand, affect the IA's accessibility despite efforts to keep the overall train of thought straightforward. The trade-offs between simplification and financial stability could have been explored and substantiated more thoroughly. Overall, the proposals appear to be in line with the IA's preferred options.

Autori : KRAMER Esther

Riassunto : Spikes in geopolitical risk indices have been associated with lower bank stability, leading supervisors to closely monitor how they are being managed by lenders. We propose a set of key elements that should be part of bank’s geopolitical risk management systems and review an array of plausible future scenarios. We then turn to some initiatives carried out by the SSM and the EBA, including thematic reviews and stress-tests, and look at how crucial geopolitical risk is considered by bank managers. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the ECON Committee.

Riassunto : The health workforce crisis in the European UnionThis paper provides a synthesis of high-level recommendations and guidance for developing a HCWF crisis strategy, introducing a complex set of measurements that consider the needs of both health systems and individual HCWs, as well as interventions on different levels of governance and in different sectors. The EU has several tools at hand to promote these efforts, and is supporting EU projects that analyse the issue and contribute new knowledge.

Riassunto : In line with the European Green Deal, the Paris Agreement and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the EU's sustainable finance framework aims to steer financial sector capital towards the transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon, resource-efficient and circular economy. Further to the 2018 action plan on sustainable finance, Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability‐related disclosures in the financial services sector (the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation, or SFDR) was adopted in 2019 to enhance transparency, combat greenwashing and align financial markets with the EU's climate goals and the UN sustainable development goals to which the EU is committed. In a comprehensive assessment of the SFDR conducted by the European Commission in 2023, stakeholders expressed strong support for the regulation, but many identified a number of shortcomings in its implementation. These included a lack of legal clarity, limited relevance of certain disclosure requirements, inconsistencies with other sustainable finance legislation (such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the Taxonomy Regulation) and difficulties in securing good-quality data. In light of these findings, in its 2025 work programme the Commission announced its intention to revise the SFDR in Q4 2025, with the proposal currently scheduled for publication on 19 November. It is expected to clarify key concepts, ensure regulatory coherence across the EU sustainable finance framework, and address the categorisation of financial products.

Autori : HAHNKAMPER-VANDENBULCKE Nora

Riassunto : This briefing has been prepared for the public hearing with the Chair of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), Claudia Buch, scheduled for 13 October 2025 in the ECON Committee. Content: − Supervisory approach to “legacy” NPLs at smaller banks − Developments around banks’ internal models − Latest supervisory banking statistics (Q2 2025) − Progress and new proposals for simplification in bank supervision and regulation − Extended financial reporting for smaller bank − EU policy coherence at stake: lessons from the Monte dei Paschi–Mediobanca episode − Cross-border integration meets national red lines: The UniCredit–Commerzbank test case − Golden power in banking mergers: follow-up on the UniCredit–Banco BPM case − Result of 2025 Stress Test exercise

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SPITZER Kai Gereon

Riassunto : Although microelectronics have a significant role in modern life, their low visibility and complex value chain have contributed to concealing a decline in EU industry in the field. It is broadly assumed that microelectronics are designed in California and manufactured in Taiwan. What if the EU could take a particularly strategic position in this technology?

Autori : GARCIA HIGUERA ANDRES

Autori : SANDERSKI ANDRZEJ, SERPIERI Margherita

Riassunto : The construction sector plays a key role in fostering economic growth and in ensuring housing affordability. However, the sector faces many challenges. Designing a framework that allows for productivity growth is essential, especially since the labour force is shrinking. Moreover, solutions have to be found for the land shortage issue and the disincentives to renovations for older or low-income households, which are unable to bear investment costs. This in-depth analysis discusses the key challenges of constructing new residential dwellings and renovating existing ones, discusses implications for housing affordability, and presents policy recommendations to address these issues. Housing rehabilitation is also briefly discussed.

Riassunto : This briefing provides background information for the PETI Committee Delegation to the Canary Islands, specifically to Tenerife and Gran Canaria from 15 to 17 September 2025. The mission will allow Members to assess the challenges faced on the ground in the Canary Islands as a result of irregular arrivals of migrants. It will further allow Members to examine the role of smuggling networks, the state of reception facilities and their possible limitations, explore solutions to support affected regions, ensure the protection of fundamental rights, and review the implementation of relevant EU policies.

Autori : PASSAMERA Olga Johanna, VINSON Katharina

Riassunto : This study reviews new perceptions of an imminent decline of the international role of the US dollar and implications for the euro. It considers developments in international reserves, invoicing, debt and payment systems. Strengths and weaknesses of the US and euro area economies are discussed along with new policy initiatives and proposals. The study concludes that a quick decline of the US dollar or a shift towards a multipolar currency system with similarly important reserve currencies is highly unlikely. For the foreseeable future, the euro’s role is likely to remain one of primarily regional importance. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025.

Riassunto : This paper presents the aggregated results of a survey conducted among Members of the Monetary Policy Expert Panel (MPEP) ahead of the October 2025 Monetary Dialogue with ECB President Christine Lagarde. The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the survey respondents and should not be attributed to the European Parliament or its services.

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SABOL MAJA, LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : This paper summarises the euro-area economic outlook, assesses the ECB’s current monetary policy stance, and reviews its policy communication. Inflation is near target and risks surrounding it are broadly balanced, with a mild upside tilt. The ECB’s monetary stance is close to neutral: balance sheet normalisation partially offsets easing from recent rate cuts. Communication has evolved in recent years, and the data-dependent, meeting-by-meeting strategy remains appropriate. Clearer reaction-function guidance could help reduce uncertainty about the inflation outlook. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025.

Riassunto : This study provides an overview of the status of international climate negotiations ahead of the climate change conference in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025. It covers the key topics under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. This document was prepared by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Committee on the Environment, Climate and Food Safety (ENVI).

Riassunto : This in-depth analysis discusses the impacts of short-term rentals on access to affordable housing in the EU. It reviews the variety of short-term rental regulations and the challenges to their implementation. It highlights the role that EU legislation plays in influencing the regulation of both short-term rentals and the digital platforms that advertise them..

Riassunto : In this issue... - ECB keeps policy rates unchanged for the second consecutive time - ECB reaffirms its symmetric medium-term inflation target of 2% - Monetary Policy Expert Panel overall deems current policy stance as adequate - In addition, more than half of the experts believe that achieving the status of global reserve currency is desirable for the euro - FED cuts rates for the first time since December 2024

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SABOL MAJA, LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : This paper, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI), proposes a more citizen-centred approach to monitoring and reporting on the application and enforcement of EU law by the European Commission. It would involve widening the lens through which the application and enforcement of EU law is monitored beyond reporting on the infringement procedure under Articles 258-260 TFEU. It would consider how citizens perceive their EU rights and interact with the full range of enforcement and redress mechanisms at their disposal and consider whether they are sufficiently well-designed to assist citizens to fully realise their rights.

Riassunto : Peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait are under strain. The People’s Republic of China’s diplomatic offensive against the Republic of China, Taiwan, has more recently been coupled with routinised large-scale and increasingly complex military exercises, incursions across the median line and an uptick in hybrid warfare tactics. China’s assertiveness has been met, and sometimes anticipated, by United States-led military and diplomatic countermeasures aimed at fostering Taiwan’s resilience within the broader context of a forceful China pushback. This paper takes stock of cross-Strait dynamics, including the action-reaction spiral which feeds Chinese insecurity and assertiveness, to present options for the European Union (EU) to bolster relations with Taiwan. Based on best practices from Group of Seven allies, the United States of America in particular, the paper argues that the EU should adopt a twin track of diplomacy and realistic deterrence, coupled with reassurances that all interested parties – including its Member States and like-minded parties – will abide by a ‘One China’ policy. The paper also argues that the EU’s support of Taiwan’s democracy needs to take into consideration its fraught and polarised domestic politics.

Riassunto : This European implementation assessment of Regulation (EU) 2016/1139 establishing a multiannual plan for the stocks of cod, herring and sprat in the Baltic Sea and the fisheries exploiting those stocks aims to inform the ongoing work of the European Parliament's committee on Fisheries (PECH) on an own-initiative implementation report, 'The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward' (2024/2127(INI)). This European implementation assessment is composed of two parts. First, an introduction by the EPRS provides essential historical and institutional background to the Baltic Sea multiannual plan and sets out the scope and the limitations of the attached evaluation study for clarity on the weight and bearing of the findings and recommendations. Second, an evaluation study undertaken by a team of external experts that covers all Member States concerned over the 2016 to 2025 period. Based on interviews and desk research, it provides up-to-date and original sources on the status of the regulation's implementation over the past decade, allowing an evidence-based assessment of the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, coherence and EU added value of the Baltic Sea multiannual plan. It also offers recommendations for making the current system work better and for possible legal revisions.

Autori : JANSEN Talander Hugo

Riassunto : The ECB’s 2025 strategy review responded to high inflation, supply shocks and broader structural transformations. The framework preserved the core of the 2021 design but introduced refinements in five areas: price stability, temporal orientation, instruments, analytical framework and communication. This briefing outlines these changes and assesses their implications, noting progress and highlighting persisting gaps.

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SABOL MAJA, LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : This study examines the evolution and prospects of trade and investment relations between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova. It situates Moldova’s shifting economic orientation within its complex geopolitical environment – marked by Russian interference and the Transnistria conflict – and outlines the impact of key milestones such as the EU-Moldova Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. The analysis highlights Moldova’s growing trade and investment ties with the EU, sectoral dynamics in agriculture, manufacturing, services, and the energy sector, as well as the economic disruption stemming from Russia’s war on Ukraine. Special scrutiny is given to the revised EU-Moldova DCFTA. The text also analyses Moldova’s EU accession process and the Moldova Growth Plan, offering insights into both the benefits and costs of deeper integration.

Riassunto : This paper examines the persistence and challenges of dollar supremacy in the international monetary system, from Bretton Woods to digital stablecoins. It highlights structural supports for dollar dominance, such as deep U.S. financial markets and commodity pricing, but also explores vulnerabilities linked to fiscal risks, sanctions, and policy uncertainty. The euro’s potential as an alternative is assessed, with attention to institutional constraints, safe asset scarcity, and fragmented capital markets. Reforms like Eurobonds and a digital euro could strengthen Europe’s role. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025.

Riassunto : Services account for 72% of GDP and three quarters of total employment in the EU. The performance of services in themselves is therefore a major determinant of EU economic performance, but services also matter for the competitiveness of all industries as many services are inputs into production. Intra-EU trade barriers are much lower than those applying to third countries, but barriers to trade have not fallen much in the last decade. Important barriers remain, particularly in the areas of administrative procedures and barriers to competition. Complementing the Single Market Strategy with national initiatives that apply better regulation principles to services regulation, concerted action by groups of EU Member States and actions at EU level to assess the rationale and consider the effects of restrictive services regulation can help raise public awareness of the importance of services for competitiveness.

Autori : MARTINELLO BARBARA

Riassunto : The paper assesses the current monetary policy stance of the European Central Bank (ECB). It analyses the factors driving inflation dynamics in the euro area, drawing comparisons with the United States (US). It also analyses inflation differentials across euro-area countries, including the role of energy price dynamics. Finally, the paper assesses the ECB’s monetary policy stance, discusses the recent ECB strategy review and draws out implications for policy and communication in a more uncertain world. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025.

Riassunto : The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative evidence, it analyses how different elements of governance arrangements, financing tools and stakeholder participation shape reskilling, job quality and inclusion. The findings provide policy directions to strengthen the Just Transition policy and legal framework and ensure fair regional labour-market outcomes across regions.

Riassunto : The dollar is likely to lose its dominant position as a world currency. The world will evolve towards a multipolar currency system which includes the euro as one of the significant international currencies. To achieve this status the Capital Markets Union (CMU) should be strengthened. In addition, to counter the dominance of the dollar payment system, the full integration of the national payments systems in the euro area should be pursued. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 6 October 2025.

Riassunto : Il presente documento è la sintesi dell'analisi approfondita richiesta dalla commissione speciale HOUS sugli sviluppi giuridici in materia di locazione di alloggi a breve termine nell'Unione europea. È possibile scaricare la versione integrale dello studio, disponibile in inglese, all'indirizzo: https://bit.ly/4fZoyVj

Riassunto : Il presente documento è la sintesi dell'analisi approfondita richiesta dalla commissione speciale HOUS sugli aspetti normativi della locazione di alloggi a breve termine nell'UE. È possibile scaricare la versione integrale dello studio, disponibile in inglese, all'indirizzo: https://bit.ly/46r0HK6

Riassunto : Il presente documento è la sintesi dell'analisi approfondita su "Costruzione e ristrutturazione nei mercati degli immobili residenziali dell'UE: sfide e opportunità per garantire l'accessibilità". È possibile scaricare la versione integrale dell'analisi approfondita, disponibile in inglese, all'indirizzo: https://bit.ly/3JJHxHD

Riassunto : Il presente documento è la sintesi di uno studio richiesto dalla commissione EMPL sul tema "Una transizione giusta nel mondo del lavoro". È possibile scaricare la versione integrale dello studio, disponibile in inglese, all'indirizzo: https://bit.ly/4guLc8C

Riassunto : This digest provides a collection of documents prepared by the academia, think tanks, other EU institutions and bodies, as well as stakeholders that can be useful for Members of the European Parliament’s Committee on Budgets to stay informed about the debate concerning the next Multiannual Financial Framework, starting in 2028. The document is produced monthly by the Budgetary Support Unit of DG BUDG and the European Parliamentary Research Service.

Autori : SCHWARCZ András, HOPP Balazs

Riassunto : Stephanie Lose, Minister for Economic Affairs of Denmark, is participating in the ECON Committee in her capacity of President of the ECOFIN Council during the Danish Presidency (July - December 2025). In accordance with the Treaty of the Union, “Member States shall regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern and shall coordinate them within the Council”. This document provides an overview of the Danish Presidency's priorities in ECON matters, including the Council’s work relating to the implementation of the European Semester for economic coordination, the application of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and other policy streams relevant to the EU single market, notably progress on the Banking Union and the Capital Markets Union.

Autori : DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL, MAGNUS Marcel, MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SABOL MAJA, LOI GIACOMO, SPITZER Kai Gereon, STIEBER Harald

Riassunto : The JURI Committee workshop on monitoring the application of EU law was held on July 15, 2025. It brought together academic experts to explore how the effectiveness of EU law implementation can be assessed and improved. Prof. Dr Helen Xanthaki addressed the quality of legislative drafting and its impact on enforcement. Prof. Dr Sara Drake presented a citizen-centred approach to monitoring. Prof. Dr Hans Schulte-Nölke and Prof. Dr Mary-Rose McGuire jointly analysed the European Commission’s 2023 Annual Report, highlighting shortcomings in transparency and enforcement and proposing improvements in private law monitoring. Prof. Dr Maurizia De Bellis examined enforcement in key policy areas identified by the Letta and Draghi reports. Finally, Prof. Dr Giovanni Sartor discussed how AI tools could support compliance tracking. The workshop provided an interdisciplinary perspective on how law-making, enforcement, and digital innovation intersect in the EU context.

Autori : ERMINI ALESSANDRO

Riassunto : This study examines how structural labour market inequalities affect women’s mental health in the EU. It highlights the gender pay and pension gaps and new forms of work as drivers of poorer well-being among women. The study identifies fragmented policy responses and recommends coordinated, gender-responsive action across labour, health and gender equality domains.

Riassunto : The Delegated Act on low-carbon hydrogen establishes a harmonised, transparent framework, defining fuels in a technology-open way. It is essential for a functioning hydrogen market but does not create demand or financial incentives. Achieving emissions reduction targets will hinge on robust methane emissions measurement and reporting. Costs will remain above unabated hydrogen, shaped mainly by natural gas and electricity prices. This in-depth analysis was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the ITRE Committee.

Autori : SANDERSKI ANDRZEJ, SERPIERI Margherita

Riassunto : This briefing provides an overview of the global implementation of the Basel III framework. We provide a global overview using information from the Basel Committee and then look in more detail at the progress in the EU, US and UK.

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SPITZER Kai Gereon

Riassunto : Executive Vice-President Fitto and Commissioner Dombrovskis are invited to the 20th Recovery and Resilience Dialogue (RRD), scheduled for 8 September 2025. The RRD is the mechanism by which the European Parliament exercises democratic oversight over the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) according to the RRF Regulation. The previous RRD took place on 16 June 2025.

Autori : SCHWARCZ András, MAGNUS Marcel, LOI GIACOMO

Riassunto : China’s data security and privacy laws – the CSL, DSL, and PIPL – create compliance challenges for European companies, especially SMEs. Strategic ambiguity in legislation allows discretion in enforcement, varying across regions and sectors. Cross-border data transfer rules add complexity, with Hong Kong and Macao implementing their own laws. While US firms face stringent CSL enforcement, cases against European firms under PIPL appear to be less politicised. Influenced by GDPR and Asian cybersecurity models, China’s evolving regime requires European policymakers and businesses to monitor legal changes, enhance communication, and adapt to shifting compliance landscapes. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE).

Riassunto : China’s data security and privacy laws – the CSL, DSL, and PIPL – create compliance challenges for European companies, especially SMEs. Strategic ambiguity in legislation allows discretion in enforcement, varying across regions and sectors. Cross-border data transfer rules add complexity, with Hong Kong and Macao implementing their own laws. While US firms face stringent CSL enforcement, cases against European firms under PIPL appear to be less politicised. Influenced by GDPR and Asian cybersecurity models, China’s evolving regime requires European policymakers and businesses to monitor legal changes, enhance communication, and adapt to shifting compliance landscapes. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE).

Riassunto : The first panel explored the concept of gender budgeting and its implementation at EU level. The second panel highlighted examples of gender budgeting, offering practical insights into its application. Both panels will be followed by Q&A sessions. The workshop brought together a range of speakers, including independent experts in the field and representatives of the European Institute for Gender Equality and the European Commission, to provide a comprehensive understanding of gender budgeting.

Autori : POUWELS Alexandra Cynthia Jana, LINDER JULIA SOFIA VIOLA MARGARETA

Riassunto : The cost of banking regulation and the supervisory framework for banks feature prominently in the debate over EU competitiveness. The strong regulation and supervision implemented after the great financial crisis are generally considered a positive for the EU economy, but in the context of the notion of simplification, a discussion is ongoing whether cost reduction is possible without deregulation. To support parliamentary scrutiny of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), this briefing analyses: - the interaction of simplicity and deregulation; - the ongoing simplification efforts of the ECB / SSM and the European Commission; and - the demands of stakeholders for simplification.

Autori : MAZZOCCHI Ronny, SPITZER Kai Gereon

Riassunto : Il presente documento è la sintesi dell'analisi di contesto "The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea - A change in management needed" (Il piano pluriennale per il Mar Baltico – Occorrono cambiamenti nella gestione), elaborata nel quadro della consulenza tecnica per la relazione di attuazione "The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward" (Il piano pluriennale per il Mar Baltico e le vie da seguire). È possibile scaricare la versione integrale dell'analisi di contesto, disponibile in inglese, all'indirizzo: https://bit.ly/4oEfUQh.

Riassunto : The workshop on the 28th legal regime was held on June 5, 2025 on request of the JURI Committee. Experts presented their findings on various aspects of the establishment of the 28th regime, including hurdles currently experienced by EU companies, EU competences to introduce the 28th regime, necessary safeguards, simplification of registration of companies, and the scope of the 28th regime. The workshop also included an intervention on behalf of the European Commission and the European Economic and Social Committee. These proceedings are prepared by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Autori : IVANOVA TSVETELINA VENTSISLAVOVA

Riassunto : This note describes the treaty provisions and appointment procedure for ECA members at EU level. In addition, it provides information on the national nomination procedure for the ECA member in The Netherlands and the country’s candidate.

Autori : MILICEVIC Vera

Riassunto : This note describes the treaty provisions and appointment procedure for ECA members at EU level. In addition, it provides information on the national nomination procedure for the ECA member in Luxembourg and the country’s candidate.

Autori : MILICEVIC Vera

Riassunto : This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models, emphasizing the limitations of current methodologies. The study provides technical recommendations for traceability and output assessment mechanisms. This study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs.

Riassunto : This study examines the difficulties encountered by the EU in harmonising company law, notwithstanding the considerable expectations of economic operators. It reviews the limitations of earlier initiatives (e.g. the European company (SE), European private company (SPE) and single-member private limited-liability company (SUP)) – whether successful or not – and seeks to draw upon the successful model of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). It underscores the importance of having a strict legal framework in place to prevent malpractice arising from forum shopping and ensure fair competition in the single mark.

Riassunto : The dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) by the second Trump administration in 2025 marked a significant shift in US foreign policy. US national interests were prioritised over multilateral development and humanitarian aid, with the decision described by the Trump administration as an alignment of aid with US values. The European Union (EU) and its Member States cannot fully offset these cuts, which will most dramatically affect funding for global health, food security and crisis response. In the past, US and EU approaches to aid targeted different ends: while the EU has focused on sustainable development and peace building, the US emphasised crisis-driven aid. Potential consequences of the US cuts include increased migration, disease proliferation and geopolitical shifts, as China and Russia expand their influence.

Riassunto : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the European Parliament’s JURI committee, should be seen in the context of the development of a 28th legal regime, enabling innovative SMEs and start-ups to overcome the fragmentation of the internal market. To what extent can corporate law, insolvency, labour law or taxation in particular be harmonised by one or more voluntary instruments?

Riassunto : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, critically analyses the EU’s evolving approach to regulating civil liability for artificial intelligence systems. In order to avoid regulatory fragmentation between Member States, the study advocates for a strict liability regime targeting high-risk systems, structured around a single responsible operator and grounded in legal certainty, efficiency and harmonisation.

Riassunto : The Budgetary Support Unit provide in-house and external expertise to support the BUDG and CONT Committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny. This catalogue provides a list of BSU publications and workshops for CONT and BUDG committees

Riassunto : Assessment of the legal consequences of the Catalan legislation as regards consumer rights

Riassunto : Assessment of the consequences of Catalan legislation in light of articles 21 and 22 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Riassunto : Assessment of the legal and economic consequences of the Catalan legislation as regards free movements of goods and services

Riassunto : This briefing assesses the economic, financial, and monetary implications of the tariffs announced by the Trump administration for the EU. Starting with an overview of US measures and EU countermeasures, it analyses the impact on the EU economy across sectors and member states, explains monetary policy challenges for the ECB, and discusses strategic options for European policymakers. As the situation evolves rapidly, the assessment provided in this briefing reflects information available as of 15 July 2025, with updates to follow as developments unfold.

Autori : DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL, SABOL MAJA, LOI GIACOMO, SPITZER Kai Gereon

Riassunto : The implementation timetable for cohesion policy is defined largely by its legislative framework. In order to be able to plan parliamentary work and exercise systematic scrutiny of policy implementation and of the Commission’s work, it is essential to have an overview of the timing of different steps in policy implementation in the coming years. This type of briefing was first published (and subsequently updated) in 2014 covering the 2014-2020 programming period. This version includes the policy actions of the 2021-27 period, while still indicating the last steps of the 2014-20 period. It includes a detailed (but non-exhaustive) timetable of policy actions in 2025, together with an overview of major actions for the remainder of the programming period, from 2026. Given its contribution to cohesion in the European Union, policy actions under the Recovery and Resilience Facility are now included in the calendar. Policy actions related to budgetary and budgetary control aspects are coloured green (for the year 2025).

Autori : HAASE Diana

Riassunto : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, examines the scope of the proposed 28th regime. For the 28th regime to be successful, it needs to be user-friendly and widely adopted, thereby fostering trust and investment. Restricting access to 'innovative companies' could create bureaucratic obstacles that would discourage entrepreneurs and investors. Rather than restricting access, the 28th regime should be open to businesses of all kinds and designed to meet the needs of innovative businesses, including those with an exit strategy who wish to attract VC funding and those with a vision of long-term independence. Broad access to most parts of the 28th regime - especially in the area of company law - should be combined with targeted measures to a modular approach.

Riassunto : As a complement to the definitions set out in the first part of the Glossary, this second part offers additional analytical insights, including a brief conceptual history of the terms. It examines varied perspectives and illustrates how Performance Budgeting, Mainstreaming, and Conditionality are applied in EU policymaking. By drawing on academic literature, institutional reports, and case-based examples, it aims to support a critical reflection on the related challenges ahead of the 2028-2034 Multiannual Financial Framework.

Autori : PADILLA OLIVARES Francisco Javier, POUWELS Alexandra Cynthia Jana

Riassunto : After more than two decades of negotiations, the EU and Mercosur reached an initial agreement text (EUMETA) in 2019. Since then, however, several political developments - most notably the increase in deforestation rates in Brazil under President Bolsonaro - have called for further negotiations. Concerns over sustainability led the EU to demand additional commitments and to adopt unilateral instruments, such as the Regulation on Deforestation-free Products (EUDR), which Mercosur perceived as undermining the benefits of the EUMETA 2019. At the same time, escalating geopolitical and economic tensions underscored the strategic importance for trade agreements. The revised EUMETA 2024 presents a balanced compromise: the EU secures strengthened sustainability provisions and protection against potential export duties, while Mercosur gains some linkages to EU unilateral measures on sustainability. These include the possibility of benefiting from risk classification for the EUDR, amendments to the tariff elimination schedule for vehicles, specific safeguards, and options for export duties for selected minerals. Agricultural market access remains largely consistent with EUMETA 2019, with only modest additional quotas for Paraguay. By incorporating multiple protection mechanisms and aligning with complementary EU sustainability policies, EUMETA 2024 aims to address European concerns related to deforestation and competition risks.