Najnovšie dokumenty

Zhrnutie : This document provides background information for the Members participating in the mission to the 19th session of the Conference of States Parties to the CRPD, New York, from 9 to 11 June 2026.

Autori : MAKAY Monika, SKUBIEJŪTĖ Greta

Zhrnutie : This in-depth analysis examines whether VET learners, graduates and professionals face systemic disadvantages relative to their higher education counterparts across four domains: labour market outcomes, public support and mobility, qualification pathways and recognition, and access to services and economic sectors. Drawing on evidence from EU Member States, it identifies structural disparities that reduce VET attractiveness, documents significant cross-country variation, and puts forward eight policy recommendations for the forthcoming European VET strategy. This study was commissioned by the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : Greta SCARPATO & Donatas POCIUS,

Zhrnutie : This in-depth analysis examines whether VET learners, graduates and professionals face systemic disadvantages relative to their higher education counterparts across four domains: labour market outcomes, public support and mobility, qualification pathways and recognition, and access to services and economic sectors. Drawing on evidence from EU Member States, it identifies structural disparities that reduce VET attractiveness, documents significant cross-country variation, and puts forward eight policy recommendations for the forthcoming European VET strategy. This study was commissioned by the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : Greta SCARPATO & Donatas POCIUS

Zhrnutie : This study, prepared for the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Transport, Employment and Social Affairs and commissioned by the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), describes support for large families and single parents across the European Union. It analyses the vulnerability of these households and provides recommendations to improve support at both EU and Member State level. Attention is paid to the implementation of large family cards across EU Member States, and the feasibility of a European large family card.     

Externý autor : Olatz RIBERA ALMANDOZ, Kate BROCKIE, Elizabeth KADAR, Madeline NIGHTINGALE, Mateusz KRZĄKAŁA, Katarzyna LIPOWSKA, Iga MAGDA and Mateusz SMOTER

Zhrnutie : This study, prepared for the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Transport, Employment and Social Affairs and commissioned by the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), reviews support for large families and single parents across the European Union. It analyses vulnerabilities of these households and provides recommendations to improve support at both EU and Member State level. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of large family cards across the EU Member States, and the feasibility of a European Large Family Card.

Externý autor : Olatz RIBERA ALMANDOZ, Kate BROCKIE, Elizabeth KADAR, Madeline NIGHTINGALE, Mateusz KRZĄKAŁA, Katarzyna LIPOWSKA, Iga MAGDA and Mateusz SMOTER

Zhrnutie : EU funding for employment and social objectives has long been a substantial component of multi-annual financial frameworks. The proposals for the next MFF will see a new approach in which funding for these objectives will be encompassed within National and Regional Partnership Plans. This study compares the proposals for the current and next MFFs, the relevant legislation and expected governance reforms. It pays particular attention to the ramifications for the European Pillar of Social Rights and concludes with set of recommendations for the European Parliament to consider in responding to the MFF proposal.     

Zhrnutie : This study examines the future deployment of Automated Vehicles in the European Union through an analysis combining technological assessment, scenario development, and policy evaluation. Building on recent advances in Artificial Intelligence, Software-Defined Vehicles, and Intelligent Infrastructure, the study develops three scenarios – European Leadership, Selective Strengths and Dependencies, and External Dependence – to explore how Europe's regulatory and industrial position might evolve. These scenarios serve as a framework for assessing policy options related to legislation, deployment, and EU support for research and development.

Externý autor : Botsch, Michael; Huber, Werner

Autori : SANDERSKI ANDRZEJ, SERPIERI Margherita

Zhrnutie : EU funding for employment and social objectives has long been a substantial component of multi-annual financial frameworks. The proposals for the next MFF will see a new approach in which funding for these objectives will be encompassed within National and Regional Partnership Plans. This study compares the proposals for the current and next MFFs, the relevant legislation and expected governance reforms. It pays particular attention to the ramifications for the European Pillar of Social Rights and concludes with set of recommendations for the European Parliament to consider in responding to the MFF proposal.

Externý autor : Iain BEGG, Harry CRICHTON-MILLER, Klervi KERNEÏS

Zhrnutie : The European Commission drew up seven impact assessments (IAs) in support of 18 programme proposals for the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework (MFF) and the proposed regulation on a horizontal performance framework. The broad scope of these IAs does not allow individual programme proposals to be assessed in any detail – as is particularly salient in the case of the IA on the national and regional partnership plans, covering nine legislative proposals. All IAs acknowledge a deviation from the scope and depth of a standard IA as defined by the Better Regulation Guidelines (BRG). This is justified with Tool #9 of the BR Toolbox, which indicates the specificity of the MFF, but does not define how related IAs should be carried out. As a result, the application of the better regulation principles varies widely across the MFF IAs. They are similar insofar as the Commission chose for all of them a mostly horizontal rather than policy-specific approach and did not include any budgetary considerations and scenarios. These choices affect the quality of key sections of the IAs considerably, albeit to varying extents. The problem definition often lacks specificity and substantiation. Similarly, the IAs' objectives remain largely unspecific, which, in turn, affects the IAs' monitoring and evaluation provisions and risks hampering the future measuring of the objectives' achievement. The description of policy options is in most cases short and vague, which weakens the impact analysis. The depth to which economic, social and environmental impacts are assessed varies across the sampled IAs. The analysis remains predominantly qualitative, with quantification largely lacking. All seven MFF initiatives are deemed relevant for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and are thus listed in the 'SME filter'. The IAs state that they place great emphasis on simplification and burden reduction. None of them is accompanied by a subsidiarity grid, and they discuss subsidiarity, European added value and proportionality rather briefly. While the IAs differ considerably in terms of quality and transparency when it comes to their evidence base and methodology, all of them acknowledge certain limitations and a lack of data (notably quantitative data). Consultation activities were largely limited to open public consultations. The Regulatory Scrutiny Board (RSB) found significant shortcomings in all seven draft IAs, prompting it, exceptionally, to issue opinions without qualification. The persisting flaws in the final IAs suggest that the RSB recommendations have at best been partially addressed. Altogether, the limited quality of the MFF IAs appears to reflect a missed opportunity to provide policymakers with high-quality and transparent evidence for one of the most important policy packages to be negotiated in the coming months and years.

Autori : ANGLMAYER Irmgard, KRAMER Esther

Zhrnutie : This European implementation assessment supports the European Parliament's implementation report on the EU Youth Strategy (EUYS) 2019-2027 prepared by the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education (CULT). Part I of this study examines recent European Commission developments on the EUYS, Parliament's oversight of the EUYS, and the results of consultations. Part II of the study examines EUYS implementation at the EU level and in six selected Member States, drawing on the most recent evidence from a literature review, stakeholder interviews, and a survey. It analyses the 11 European Youth Goals and their implementation and relevance, before assessing the extent to which the EUYS has promoted youth mainstreaming across policy areas. It further explores youth participation, focusing on social inclusion, equality and young people with fewer opportunities (case study 1), and examines the EUYS's role in improving access to quality education and training (case study 2). It concludes with recommendations to enhance the EUYS, thereby informing its update and future implementation beyond 2027.

Autori : IOANNIDES Isabelle, HUEMER MARIE-ASTRID

Externý autor : Alfonsi Castelli, Laura; Banytė, Martyna; Ferreira, Tatiana; Gaušas, Simonas; Hofmann-van de Poll, Frederike; Lavizzari, Anna; Leiputė, Beatričė; Mareva, Vasela; Petkovic, Sladjana; Švedkauskienė, Austėja

Zhrnutie : This European implementation assessment of the 2020 Council Recommendation on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee and replacing the Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee (the 'reinforced Youth Guarantee' or 'RYG') aims to inform the ongoing work of the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) on an own-initiative implementation report on the RYG (2025/2184(INI)). The assessment is composed of two parts. The first part is an introduction by the European Parliamentary Research Service that provides the essential historical background, including an overview of selected evaluations, Parliament's position and a complementary analysis on young people not in education, employment or training. The second part is an evaluation study undertaken by a team of external experts that aims to provide an updated assessment of the RYG's implementation. It is guided by three core objectives: (i) to assess current trends in implementation at Member State level; (ii) to analyse the impact of the 2020 reinforcement in addressing previously identified challenges; and (iii) to examine the role of EU funding and governance mechanisms. Based on interviews, a survey, desk research, and extended national research in 10 selected Member States, the study provides key findings and policy recommendations to tackle the implementation gaps identified.

Autori : HAHNKAMPER-VANDENBULCKE Nora, EISELE Katharina

Externý autor : Geraci, Matthew; Lundberg, Per; McGuinn, Jennifer; Carletti, Giovanni

Autori : SANDERSKI ANDRZEJ, SERPIERI Margherita

Zhrnutie : The nationally pre-allocated envelopes proposal is included in the post-2027 multiannual financial framework package (2028-2034 MFF). It aims to bring together current MFF programmes or strands and regroup them into a single national and regional partnership plan (NRPP) for each Member State. The IA refers to Tool #9 of the Better Regulation Toolbox, acknowledging that the 'special case of preparing a new multiannual financial framework is a unique process requiring a specific approach as regards scope and depth of analysis'. Therefore, it explains that budget assumptions for each programme are unreliable at this stage, hence the assessment is only qualitative. The IA provides an intervention logic to present the problems, drivers, objectives and two different strands of policy options. However, the description of the problems and their drivers, as well as their comparative relevance, could have been more structured and clearer. The IA describes the legal basis and explains the need for and added value of EU action. The IA should have established a clear link between the specific objectives, the problems identified and their drivers. The description of the options would have benefited from more detailed explanations, as it is not quite clear what kind of measures each option would comprise. In general, a series of shortcomings have been identified concerning the range and assessment of options. The feedback from the consultation activities could have been better reflected and considered in the IA, particularly regarding the available policy options and their potential impact. The IA does not assess the economic, social and environmental impacts of the policy options, including any territorial impact, while it briefly touches upon the issue of fundamental rights. Its qualitative analysis only includes a very limited reference to associated impacts, and it does not adequately assess the costs and benefits of the options. The IA does not provide concrete information on the monitoring and evaluation plans, such as monitoring indicators, data sources or the evaluation timeline. The Regulatory Scrutiny Board decided to issue an opinion without qualification due to significant shortcomings in the draft IA. The revised IA appears to have made an effort to improve the quality of the assessment; however, not all points were addressed.

Autori : EFTHYMIADOU Andriana

Zhrnutie : On 21 October 2025, the European Commission under Ursula von der Leyen's second mandate adopted its work programme for 2026 (2026 CWP). In line with the Commission President's political guidelines and letter of intent and highlighting the need for full implementation of Mario Draghi's competitiveness report, the 2026 CWP places a strong emphasis on competitiveness, innovation and collective security. In parallel, the Commission commits to advancing simplification, implementation, and this year, also to strengthening enforcement. These three areas will remain key horizontal priorities for the entire Commission mandate. Just like last year's CWP, the 2026 CWP adheres to the seven headline ambitions put forward in the political guidelines. It is accompanied by a report on implementation, simplification and enforcement, the first of its kind. This new annual report is set to replace the annual burden survey. Annex I of the 2026 CWP puts forward 70 major new legislative and non-legislative initiatives, 44 % of which fall under the competitiveness headline ambition. (Up to) 48 of the new initiatives are legislative, including three sector-specific omnibus packages (on energy product legislation, taxation and citizens). Of the forthcoming legislative initiatives, 67 % are likely revisions of existing legislation, while more than half have a strong simplification dimension. Unlike previous CWPs, the 2026 CWP does not indicate whether a legislative initiative will be accompanied by an impact assessment; this lack of transparency runs counter to the spirit of the Interinstitutional Agreement on Better Law-Making. Information on the Commission's 'Have your say' portal shows that, at the time of writing, two thirds of the up to 48 legislative initiatives were expected to be accompanied by an impact assessment (though the final number may be higher). The annual evaluation plan presented in Annex II of the CWP, comprising 20 evaluations, does not appear exhaustive. Finally, the communication on Better Regulation, expected in Q2 2026, may entail a revision of the Better Regulation Guidelines, the first since 2021.

Autori : ANGLMAYER Irmgard, DALLI HUBERT, IOANNIDES Isabelle

Zhrnutie : This study analyses the impacts of extreme weather events (heatwaves, floods, storms, droughts and cold spells) on occupational health and safety (OSH) across the European Union. It explores regional and sectoral vulnerabilities, examines effects on different worker groups, and elaborates on potential economic costs. The study reviews EU and national policy frameworks, identifies implementation gaps, and offers evidence-based recommendations to strengthen OSH systems in a changing climate. This document was prepared at the request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : JGoda SKIOTYTĖ, Vaida GINEIKYTĖ-KANCLERĖ, Olesya DOVGALYUK and Alyona TEPLYSHOVA

Zhrnutie : This report, requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, examines EU progress on implementing UN CRPD Article 19. It synthesises the EU's 2015 and 2025 UN CRPD reviews, assesses implications of the proposed Multiannual Financial Framework 2028-2034 and evaluates Member States' efforts on deinstitutionalisation. Despite policy advances, institutionalisation, inadequate community-based services and lack of meaningful consultation persist. Clear definitions, a minimum dataset and CRPD-compliant investments are among the measures required to realise Article 19.

Externý autor : Jan ŠIŠKA and Julie BEADLE-BROWN

Zhrnutie : This study analyses the impacts of extreme weather events (heatwaves, floods, storms, droughts and cold spells) on occupational health and safety (OSH) across the European Union. It explores regional and sectoral vulnerabilities, examines effects on different worker groups, and elaborates on potential economic costs. The study reviews EU and national policy frameworks, identifies implementation gaps, and offers evidence-based recommendations to strengthen OSH systems in a changing climate. This document was prepared at the request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : Goda SKIOTYTĖ, Vaida GINEIKYTĖ-KANCLERĖ, Olesya DOVGALYUK and Alyona TEPLYSHOVA

Zhrnutie : This report, requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, examines EU progress on implementing UN CRPD Article 19. It synthesises the EU's 2015 and 2025 UN CRPD reviews, assesses implications of the proposed Multiannual Financial Framework 2028-2034 and evaluates Member States' efforts on deinstitutionalisation. Despite policy advances, institutionalisation, inadequate community-based services and lack of meaningful consultation persist. Clear definitions, a minimum dataset and CRPD-compliant investments are among the measures required to realise Article 19.

Externý autor : Jan ŠIŠKA, Julie BEADLE-BROWN

Zhrnutie : This study investigates the integration and effects of artificial intelligence and algorithmic management (AM) technologies within European workplaces, extending beyond the realm of platform work. It thoroughly examines the European regulatory framework for the use of AM technologies, engages in stakeholder interviews, and analyses case studies within the logistics, healthcare, telecoms, automotive and manufacturing sectors, revealing notable gaps in worker protection and regulatory oversight. The study estimates that exposure to AM could rise from 42.3 % to 55.5 % in the medium term, generating productivity opportunities but also challenges in employment relations, working conditions and workers' wellbeing. It identifies key regulatory gaps in AM use at work, and explores the role EU legislation could play both in addressing the gaps and in guaranteeing responsible use of AM in the workplace. It develops three policy options: adopting a recommendation; amending a package of existing legislation; and adopting a new legislative instrument to regulate the use of AM. The added value of acting at EU level has been identified in ensuring the same level of protection for all workers, improving working conditions and safeguarding fundamental rights. For companies, having a common set of rules would enhance the level playing field and increase legal certainty.

Autori : JANCOVA LENKA, ALBUQUERQUE ARENGA MARGARIDA, SINICATO Filippo

Externý autor : Barslund, Mikkel; De Micheli, Barbara; Dente, Giancarlo; Faioli, Michele; Smilari, Alessandro; Patras, Sophie; Ravaglia, Martina; Vancauwenbergh, Sophie; Tobback, Ilse; Omersa, Ela

Autori : SANDERSKI ANDRZEJ, SERPIERI Margherita

Zhrnutie : The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative evidence, it analyses how different elements of governance arrangements, financing tools and stakeholder participation shape reskilling, job quality and inclusion. The findings provide policy directions to strengthen the Just Transition policy and legal framework and ensure fair regional labour-market outcomes across regions.

Externý autor : Izabela MARCINKOWSKA, Veronika HVOZDIKOVÁ

Zhrnutie : The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative evidence, it analyses how different elements of governance arrangements, financing tools and stakeholder participation shape reskilling, job quality and inclusion. The findings provide policy directions to strengthen the Just Transition policy and legal framework and ensure fair regional labour-market outcomes across regions.

Externý autor : Izabela MARCINKOWSKA, Veronika HVOZDIKOVÁ

Zhrnutie : The European Parliament is vested with powers of democratic oversight and political scrutiny vis-à-vis the European Commission. These powers of Parliament enhance the democratic legitimacy of the EU as a whole, and help increase the transparency and accountability of the Commission as the EU's executive body. This study examines Parliament's oversight and scrutiny powers over the Commission. It focuses mainly, but not exclusively, on the powers that are enshrined in specific provisions of the EU Treaties. This includes Parliament's role in the Commission's investiture, in motions of censure, parliamentary questions, committees of inquiry and special committees, and in the Commission's obligations to report, consult and inform. It also looks into Parliament's scrutiny over budgetary issues, of delegated acts, in the context of the EU legislative procedure and agenda-setting, of legal proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union, and of the EU's external relations. The study builds on a previous EPRS study on parliamentary scrutiny of the Commission, originally requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) in 2018. The data presented in this edition focus on the ninth term parliamentary term (2019 to 2024).

Autori : TENHUNEN Susanna, EISELE Katharina, AHAMAD MADATALI HANNAH NAFIZE, JANSEN Talander Hugo

Zhrnutie : Executive Vice-President Mînzatu and Commissioner Dombrovskis have been invited to an Economic Dialogue on the launch of the 2025 European Semester for economic policy coordination, in line with the relevant EU law. This briefing note covers the main elements of the 2025 European Semester Package proposed by the Commission, notably the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure, the Joint Employment Report, the Euro Area policy recommendations and on-going work to strengthen the global competitiveness of Europe.

Autori : MARTINEZ GARZON VICTOR MANUEL, LOI GIACOMO, STIEBER Harald

Zhrnutie : Commitments made at the confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate 2024-2029

Zhrnutie : Commitments made by Wopke Hoekstra, Commissioner-designate for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth, 2024-2029

Autori : MAKAY Monika, CIUCCI MATTEO, DEBYSER Ariane, ANGERER Jost, POLLUVEER KRISTI, THOMAS ALIZÉE HELEN, GULIČ NOSAN ENIJA

Zhrnutie : The present study aims to provide an overview of available data at the national and European levels and pinpoint any limitations. The study finds that in different areas available national data are not comparable and makes recommendations to increase their comparability. In other fields, there is a lack of data, and the study proposes methods to collect statistics which help policymakers to design relevant policies in favour of persons with disabilities. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific, and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

Externý autor : Stefanos GRAMMENOS

Zhrnutie : The integration of migrants and refugees into the labour market remains a critical challenge for EU countries. This study reviews recent academic research on effective policies to remove the barriers that hinder migrant integration in host countries. The study identifies nine key integration challenges, discusses existing evidence and provides policy implications. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : Francesco FASANI

Zhrnutie : The right to independent living and community inclusion for the EU's 101 million citizens with disabilities is enshrined in Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and is further supported by the EU Disability Strategy 2021–2030. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, ongoing challenges, key stakeholder recommendations, and future political perspectives regarding independent living and deinstitutionalisation. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Autori : THOMAS ALIZÉE HELEN

Zhrnutie : This study provides details of the current situation and future trends in the EU concerning aspects related to skills demands, skills shortages, and skills mismatches. It takes into consideration the transformative role of the digital and green transitions and the labour market shifts determined by demographic changes. The analysis comprises a presentation of the various EU skills initiatives, assessing their impact, complementarity and gaps. And formulates a set of recommendations to address gaps identified in the EU skills policy. This document was provided by Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini to the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL).

Externý autor : Terence HOGARTH, Ioan – Cristinel RAILEANU, Costanza PAGNINI & Giancarlo DENTE,