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This fact sheet explains how the trans-European networks (TENs) in transport, energy and telecommunications are developed to connect the regions of the EU and to contribute to the growth of the internal market and employment. The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) has evolved over time, including a fundamental reform in 2013 and a major revision in 2024, while the guidelines on energy infrastructure (TEN-E) were adapted to the European Green Deal in 2022.

With expanding clean technologies, the boom of data centers, and increased security needs, comes a growth in demand for critical resources. Known as critical and strategic raw materials (CRMs and SRMs) in the European Union (EU), and critical minerals (CM) in the United States (US), these resources are invaluable to both European and American industries. Abundant within the Earth's crust, but controlled by only a handful of countries, high-risk, low-diversity supply chains have raised the alarm globally ...

This study analyses the US critical mineral strategy, mapping its institutional framework, policy instruments and value-chain priorities – such as such as tax incentives, funding mechanisms, strategic stockpiling and demand-anchoring mechanisms. It provides a comparative analysis with the EU’s approach, highlighting differences in scale, coordination and market intervention. Finally, it explains how its findings relate to the specific policy areas of the European Parliament’s IMCO and ITRE committees ...

This At a Glance refers to the relevant study that analyses the US critical mineral strategy, mapping its institutional framework, policy instruments and value-chain priorities – such as such as tax incentives, funding mechanisms, strategic stockpiling and demand-anchoring mechanisms. It provides a comparative analysis with the EU’s approach, highlighting differences in scale, coordination and market intervention. Finally, it explains how its findings relate to the specific policy areas of the European ...

European Union (EU) public money is essential for mobilising private capital for the energy transition. Multiple EU funding programmes – both within and outside the multiannual financial framework (MFF) – provide this essential de-risking tool for attracting investment in clean technologies, energy infrastructure, energy efficiency and other drivers of the energy transition. The European Parliament's position is that the 2028-2034 MFF should be increased to €2.014 trillion (a €197.30-billion increase ...

This fact sheet explains the EU’s energy policy framework and its core objectives of decarbonisation, competitiveness, security of supply and sustainability. It outlines the key legislation underpinning the Energy Union – from the Renewable Energy Directive to the Electricity Market Design reform – and traces the policy evolution driven by the European Green Deal and the push to end dependence on Russian fossil fuels. It also describes the European Parliament’s role as co-legislator and its calls ...

This fact sheet explains the EU’s policy on nuclear energy, including its legal basis, objectives and regulatory framework under the Euratom Treaty and secondary EU legislation. It explains how the EU aims to ensure high standards of nuclear safety, radiation protection, radioactive waste management and the secure use of nuclear materials, while supporting research and innovation in the nuclear sector. It also highlights the European Parliament’s role in shaping the EU’s nuclear energy policy.

This fact sheet explains the EU’s internal energy market, including its legal basis, objectives and rules for electricity, gas and hydrogen markets. It outlines how the EU aims to create a competitive, integrated and well-functioning energy market by removing barriers between Member States, improving cross-border trade and protecting consumers. It also highlights the European Parliament’s role in shaping and overseeing energy market policy.