Cuardaigh

Cross-border parental child abductions in the EU are governed by The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and (except for Denmark) the Brussels II-ter Regulation. Countries outside of the EU may or may not be Contracting States to ‘the Convention’, but will not be bound by Brussels II-ter. Research has found that the often negative, long-lasting impact of abduction may continue throughout the lifecycle of those who have been abducted. It may also affect future ...

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the adoption, design, and impact of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Contracts for Difference (CfD) across the EU. It assesses current trends, market effects, and policy frameworks, and proposes actionable recommendations to resolve barriers to wider uptake. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Industry, Research and Energy Committee (ITRE).

The 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) of the European Union (EU) are islands associated with the EU and constitutionally linked to Denmark (Greenland), France (6 OCTs), and the Netherlands (6 OCTs), on which they depend to varying degrees as non-sovereign countries or territories. OCTs have been associated with the EU since the entry into force in 1958 of the Treaty of Rome. This association is enshrined in Articles 198 to 204 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU (TFEU). Its key ...

In the context of the wars in Ukraine and other parts of the world, the increasingly global effects – material and political – of war make it more important than ever to measure the level of threats to peace, security and democracy around the world. The Normandy Index has presented an annual measurement of these threats since the 2019 Normandy Peace Forum. The results of the 2025 exercise suggest the level of threats to peace is at its highest since the index was launched, confirming declining trends ...

Iceland, a small island in the North Atlantic Ocean, is home to 393 000 inhabitants. Driven by tourism, fishing, and aluminium smelting, its economy is robust. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is the 5th highest globally. After applying for European Union (EU) membership in 2009, Iceland suspended its well-advanced accession process in 2015. However, the country's relations with the EU have remained positive. It maintains close economic, political and sectoral ties, largely shaped by the ...

On 3 December 2025, the European Commission unveiled a package of five legislative proposals underpinning two possible options for funding Ukraine in 2026 and 2027: a reparations loan, borrowing cash balances from banks and other financial companies holding immobilised Russian Central Bank assets; or joint EU borrowing, guaranteed by the 'headroom' in the EU budget. These proposals form the basis for discussions at the 18-19 December European Council meeting. Without new additional financial support ...

Cuireadh an Limistéar Eorpach Eacnamaíoch (LEE) ar bun in 1994 chun forálacha an Aontais Eorpaigh maidir lena mhargadh inmheánach a leathnú chuig tíortha Chomhlachas Saorthrádála na hEorpa (CSTE). Is iad an Iorua, an Íoslainn agus Lichtinstéin páirtithe LEE. Is comhalta de CSTE í an Eilvéis ach níl sí ina comhalta de LEE. Tá ceangal freisin idir an tAontas agus comhpháirtithe Nordacha CSTE atá in LEE (an Iorua agus an Íoslainn) trí ‘bheartais thuaisceartacha’ agus fóraim éagsúla lena ndírítear ar ...

Respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights is a core value of the European Union (EU), and one that is promoted through its policies. The European Parliament's Sakharov Prize honours the work of people who stand up for these freedoms and rights. This year's Sakharov Prize is to be awarded to journalists Andrzej Poczobut and Mzia Amaglobeli, both jailed for defending freedom of expression and democracy in their respective countries, Belarus and Georgia. The award ceremony will take place during ...

Regional cooperation and good neighbourly relations are key elements of the EU accession process for all Western Balkan countries. The dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, initiated in 2011 and facilitated by the EU, achieved some initial success, such as the Brussels Agreement of 2013. Following a flare-up of border tensions in July 2022 and a Franco-German initiative in November 2022, in February 2023 the EU presented and brokered a proposal for an Agreement on the path to normalisation between ...

A series of recent economic and geopolitical shocks have led to rising fragmentation of global trade, whereby countries tend to boost economic ties with those sharing similar political values, economic policies and security interests. While a broad retreat from globalisation is not taking place, there are some signs of reconfiguration of supply chains along geopolitical lines. This is likely to have pronounced effects for EU economy due to its openness and high level of integration into global value ...