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Transgraniczne uprowadzenie dziecka przez jednego z rodziców w UE reguluje Konwencja haska z 1980 r. dotycząca cywilnych aspektów uprowadzenia dziecka za granicę oraz, z wyjątkiem Danii, rozporządzenie Bruksela II ter. Państwa nienależące do UE mogą być stronami konwencji, ale nie są związane rozporządzeniem Bruksela II ter. Badania wykazały, że osoby, które padły ofiarą uprowadzenia, mogą odczuwać jego wpływ – często negatywny i długotrwały – przez całe życie. Skutki uprowadzenia mogą utrzymywać ...

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the adoption, design, and impact of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Contracts for Difference (CfD) across the EU. It assesses current trends, market effects, and policy frameworks, and proposes actionable recommendations to resolve barriers to wider uptake. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Transformation, Innovation and Health at the request of the Industry, Research and Energy Committee (ITRE).

The 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) of the European Union (EU) are islands associated with the EU and constitutionally linked to Denmark (Greenland), France (6 OCTs), and the Netherlands (6 OCTs), on which they depend to varying degrees as non-sovereign countries or territories. OCTs have been associated with the EU since the entry into force in 1958 of the Treaty of Rome. This association is enshrined in Articles 198 to 204 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU (TFEU). Its key ...

In the context of the wars in Ukraine and other parts of the world, the increasingly global effects – material and political – of war make it more important than ever to measure the level of threats to peace, security and democracy around the world. The Normandy Index has presented an annual measurement of these threats since the 2019 Normandy Peace Forum. The results of the 2025 exercise suggest the level of threats to peace is at its highest since the index was launched, confirming declining trends ...

Iceland, a small island in the North Atlantic Ocean, is home to 393 000 inhabitants. Driven by tourism, fishing, and aluminium smelting, its economy is robust. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is the 5th highest globally. After applying for European Union (EU) membership in 2009, Iceland suspended its well-advanced accession process in 2015. However, the country's relations with the EU have remained positive. It maintains close economic, political and sectoral ties, largely shaped by the ...

On 3 December 2025, the European Commission unveiled a package of five legislative proposals underpinning two possible options for funding Ukraine in 2026 and 2027: a reparations loan, borrowing cash balances from banks and other financial companies holding immobilised Russian Central Bank assets; or joint EU borrowing, guaranteed by the 'headroom' in the EU budget. These proposals form the basis for discussions at the 18-19 December European Council meeting. Without new additional financial support ...

Europejski Obszar Gospodarczy (EOG) powstał w 1994 r. w celu objęcia przepisami UE dotyczącymi jej rynku wewnętrznego państw będących członkami Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Wolnego Handlu (EFTA). Stronami EOG są Norwegia, Islandia i Liechtenstein. Szwajcaria jest członkiem EFTA, lecz nie przystąpiła do EOG. UE i jej nordyckich partnerów z EFTA należących do EOG (Norwegię i Islandię) łączą też różnego rodzaju strategie polityczne na rzecz Północy i fora skupiające się na tych szybko ewoluujących północnych ...

Poszanowanie podstawowych wolności i praw człowieka należy do głównych wartości Unii Europejskiej (UE), a Unia wspiera je w swojej polityce. Przyznawana przez Parlament Europejski Nagroda im. Sacharowa jest wyrazem uznania dla pracy ludzi, którzy bronią tych wolności i praw. Tegoroczna Nagroda im. Sacharowa zostanie przyznana dziennikarzom Andrzejowi Poczobutowi i Mzii Amaglobeli, uwięzionym za obronę wolności słowa i demokracji w swoich krajach – na Białorusi i w Gruzji. Ceremonia wręczenia nagrody ...

Regional cooperation and good neighbourly relations are key elements of the EU accession process for all Western Balkan countries. The dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, initiated in 2011 and facilitated by the EU, achieved some initial success, such as the Brussels Agreement of 2013. Following a flare-up of border tensions in July 2022 and a Franco-German initiative in November 2022, in February 2023 the EU presented and brokered a proposal for an Agreement on the path to normalisation between ...

A series of recent economic and geopolitical shocks have led to rising fragmentation of global trade, whereby countries tend to boost economic ties with those sharing similar political values, economic policies and security interests. While a broad retreat from globalisation is not taking place, there are some signs of reconfiguration of supply chains along geopolitical lines. This is likely to have pronounced effects for EU economy due to its openness and high level of integration into global value ...