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Cianciulliite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Cianciulliite
John Cianciulli
Formula:
Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10 · 2-4H2O
Colour:
Dark reddish-brown nearly black
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly, Dull
Hardness:
1 - 2
Specific Gravity:
2.87 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by Pete J. Dunn, Joel D. Grice, Alan J. Criddle, and Chris J. Stanley (1991) after Mr. John Cianciulli [January 18, 1949 New Jersey, USA - January 13, 2005 Wantage, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA]. He was the second Curator of the Franklin Mineral Museum, Youth Vocational Counselor, lifelong mineral collector, and former Treasurer of the Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society.
Type Locality:
Dark red-brown nearly black bright rectangular plates to 1 mm or less. An extremely rare mineral.
Note: Fakes have been sold (see http://www.mindat.org/mesg-6-66563.html). Flakes of dark brown mica in pill capsules have been fraudulently sold as "cianciulliite". Cianciulliite does not resemble a mica in appearance. Dunn (1995) page 589 reports that "Cianciulliite is known on but one small museum specimen from the Franklin Mine".
Note: Fakes have been sold (see http://www.mindat.org/mesg-6-66563.html). Flakes of dark brown mica in pill capsules have been fraudulently sold as "cianciulliite". Cianciulliite does not resemble a mica in appearance. Dunn (1995) page 589 reports that "Cianciulliite is known on but one small museum specimen from the Franklin Mine".
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1051
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1051:7
IMA Classification of Cianciulliite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mg2Mn2+Zn2+2(OH)10·2-4H2O
Approval year:
1990
First published:
1991
Classification of Cianciulliite
4.FL.55
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
6.2.13.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
7.18.13
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cia | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cianciulliite
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
Pearly cleavage
Colour:
Dark reddish-brown nearly black
Hardness:
1 - 2 on Mohs scale
Comment:
soft
Tenacity:
Waxy
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100}
{100}
Density:
2.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cianciulliite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.76 nγ = 1.92
Birefringence:
0.126
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.160
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Anisotropism:
Weak
Dispersion:
r > v
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 9.52% | 9.72% |
| 420nm | 9.13% | 9.30% |
| 440nm | 8.85% | 8.97% |
| 460nm | 8.65% | 8.74% |
| 480nm | 8.44% | 8.56% |
| 500nm | 8.34% | 8.44% |
| 520nm | 8.23% | 8.35% |
| 540nm | 8.09% | 8.25% |
| 560nm | 8.06% | 8.21% |
| 580nm | 8.01% | 8.20% |
| 600nm | 7.98% | 8.18% |
| 620nm | 7.96% | 8.18% |
| 640nm | 7.98% | 8.18% |
| 660nm | 7.98% | 8.18% |
| 680nm | 7.93% | 8.15% |
| 700nm | 7.90% | 8.14% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 9.72%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Internal Reflections:
red-orange
Chemistry of Cianciulliite
Mindat Formula:
Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10 · 2-4H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Cianciulliite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.405 Å, b = 6.344 Å, c = 5.562 Å
β = 101.23°
β = 101.23°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.428 : 1 : 0.877
Unit Cell V:
533.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Ciainciulliite is dominantly pinacoidal and resembles a flat rectangular prism with large {100}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001413 | Cianciulliite | Grice J D, Dunn P J (1991) The crystal structure of cianciulliite, Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10*2-4H2O American Mineralogist 76 1711-1747 |  | 1991 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.61 Å | (100) |
| 5.47 Å | (20) |
| 3.96 Å | (50) |
| 3.45 Å | (30) |
| 2.997 Å | (40) |
| 2.745 Å | (60) |
| 2.673 Å | (30) |
Reference:
Comments:
natural material
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Cianciulliite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Found as one of the latest species with cahnite. The nearly black cianciulliite crystals have a poor color contrast with the manganese oxide association, but the luster should be bright.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, number 56469.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, number M03074.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, number M03074.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fracture fillings in zinc-silicate and oxide carbonate-hosted deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Cianciulliite
Other Language Names for Cianciulliite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FL. | Trébeurdenite | Fe2+2Fe3+4O2(OH)10CO3 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL. | Mariakrite | [Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4] |
| 4.FL.05 | Muskoxite | Mg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Jamborite | Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x · nH2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Mössbauerite | Fe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Meixnerite | Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Woodallite | Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Fougèrite | Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Dritsite | Li2Al4(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Rotemite | Ca4Cr2(OH)12Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 4.FL.05 | Iowaite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 4.FL.10 | Hydrocalumite | Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.FL.15 | Kuzelite | Ca4Al2(OH)12[SO4] · 6H2O |
| 4.FL.20 | Jianshuiite | (Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.20 | Ernienickelite | NiMn3O7 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.20 | Aurorite | Mn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.20 | Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| 4.FL.25 | Woodruffite | Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2O |
| 4.FL.30 | Asbolane | (Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O |
| 4.FL.30 va | 'Lampadite' | Cu, Mn, O, H |
| 4.FL.35 | Buserite | Na4Mn14O27 · 21H2O |
| 4.FL.40 | Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| 4.FL.40 | Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| 4.FL.45 | Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| 4.FL.60 | Jensenite | Cu3[TeO6] · 2H2O |
| 4.FL.65 | Leisingite | Cu2MgTe6+O6 · 6H2O |
| 4.FL.70 | Akdalaite | Al10O14(OH)2 |
| 4.FL.75 | Cafetite | CaTi2O5 · H2O |
| 4.FL.80 | Mourite | UMo5O12(OH)10 |
| 4.FL.85 | Deloryite | Cu4(UO2)(MoO4)2(OH)6 |
| 4.FL.90 | Lagalyite | Ca2xMn1-xO2 · 1.5-2H2O |
| 4.FL.95 | 'Tunnerite' | |
| 4.FL.100 | Carbocalumite | Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 6H2O |
| 4.FL.100 | Mampsisite | Ca4Al2(CO3)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
Fluorescence of Cianciulliite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cianciulliite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1051.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Cianciulliite
Reference List:
www.mindat.org (n.d.) https://www.mindat.org/mesg-66563.html
Dunn, Pete J., Grice, Joel D., Criddle, Alan, Stanley, Chris (1991) Cianciulliite, a new magnesium manganese zinc hydroxide from Franklin, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 76 (9-10) 1708-1710
Grice, Joel D., Dunn, Pete J. (1991) The crystal structure of cianciulliite, Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10·2-4H2O. American Mineralogist, 76 (9-10) 1711-1714
Localities for Cianciulliite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Dunn et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
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Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA