Protochabournéite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Protochabournéite

Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

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About ProtochabournéiteHide

Formula:

Tl_4-xPb_2+2xSb_20-x-yAs_yS₃₄ with 0.02(2) <= x <= 0.34(2), 5.71(9) <= y <= 6.69(9)

Redefined in 2021 by IMA Proposal 20-F on chabournéite group. Previous IMA formula was Tl₂Pb(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₇. Also previously given as Tl_5-xPb_2x(Sb,As)_21-xS₃₄ (x ~ 1.2-1.5).

Colour:

Black

Lustre:

Metallic

Specific Gravity:

5.083 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Chabournéite Group

Name:

For its relation to chabournéite. The 'proto' prefix is meant to convey that this species has a primitive unit cell (i.e. a subcell of chabournéite).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Sant'Olga tunnel, Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Homeotype of chabournéite.

Structurally related to the Sartorite Group.

Note: Kasatkin et al. (2022) describe a triclinic possible "As analog of protochabournéite («protodalnegroite»)".

Name EncodingHide

ASCII-7:

Protochabourneite

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

42840

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:42840:6

IMA Classification of ProtochabournéiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Tl¹⁺_4-xPb²⁺_2+2xSb³⁺_20-x-yAs³⁺_yS^2-₃₄ (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)

Approval year:

2011

First published:

2013

Approval history:

Redefined formula IMA Proposal 20-F: Miyawaki et al. (2021).

Type description reference:

Orlandi, P.; Biagioni, C.; Moëlo, Y.; Bonaccorsi, E.; Paar, W. H. (2013) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XIII. Protochabournéite, ~Tl₂Pb(Sb_9–8As_1–2)_∑10S₁₇, from the Monte Arsiccio mine: Occurrence, crystal structure and relationship with chabournéite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3). p.475-494. doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.475

Classification of ProtochabournéiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.HD.45

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
D : With Tl

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Pchb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of ProtochabournéiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

VHN₁₅=146 - 195 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

5.083(75) g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of ProtochabournéiteHide

Anisotropism:

Distinct, blue green to brown

Bireflectance:

Distinct

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	35.9%	42.1%
420nm	37.1%	40.2%
440nm	36.9%	40.2%
460nm	36.5%	39.5%
470nm	36.4%	39.5%
480nm	36.5%	39.3%
500nm	35.4%	37.8%
520nm	34.8%	37.2%
540nm	34.4%	36.8%
546nm	34.2%	36.7%
560nm	34.1%	36.4%
580nm	33.4%	35.7%
589nm	33.0%	35.4%
600nm	32.8%	35.1%
620nm	32.1%	34.4%
640nm	31.5%	33.7%
650nm	31.2%	33.4%
660nm	30.7%	33.2%
680nm	30.3%	32.6%
700nm	29.6%	31.8%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 42.1%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White

Internal Reflections:

Scarce, dark red along fractures

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Very weak, very pale yellow to very pale blue

Chemistry of ProtochabournéiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Tl_4-xPb_2+2xSb_20-x-yAs_yS₃₄ with 0.02(2) <= x <= 0.34(2), 5.71(9) <= y <= 6.69(9)

Redefined in 2021 by IMA Proposal 20-F on chabournéite group. Previous IMA formula was Tl₂Pb(Sb,As)₁₀S₁₇. Also previously given as Tl_5-xPb_2x(Sb,As)_21-xS₃₄ (x ~ 1.2-1.5).

Elements listed:

As, Pb, S, Sb, Tl - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ProtochabournéiteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.150(2) Å, b = 8.716(2) Å, c = 21.579(4) Å
α = 85.18(1)°, β = 96.94(1)°, γ = 88.60(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.935 : 1 : 2.476

Unit Cell V:

1,515.33 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.23 Å	(51)
3.959 Å	(54)
3.928 Å	(60)
3.673 Å	(63)
3.608 Å	(100)
2.824 Å	(77)
2.790 Å	(61)

Locality:

Sant'Olga tunnel, Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

Reference:

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of ProtochabournéiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Sant'Olga tunnel, Monte Arsiccio Mine, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Stazzema, Lucca Province, Tuscany, Italy

General Appearance of Type Material:

Compact masses.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita` di Pisa, Italy, catalogue number 19413.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Baryte	Boscardinite	Calcite	Cymrite	Dolomite
Pyrite	Realgar	Routhierite	Sphalerite	Stibnite

Reference:

Synonyms of ProtochabournéiteHide

IMA2011-054

Other Language Names for ProtochabournéiteHide

Dutch:Protochabournéiet

German:Protochabournéit

Relationship of Protochabournéite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Chabournéite Group

Other Members of Chabournéite Group:

Chabournéite	Ag_zTl_8-x-zPb_4+2xSb_40-x-yAs_yS₆₈ with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6)	Tric. 1 : P1
Dalnegroite	(Tl₄Pb₂)(As₁₂Sb₈)S₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
Dewitite	Ag_zTl_10-x-zPb_2xSb_42-x-yAs_yS₆₈	Tric. 1 : P1
Shimenite	Tl₅Sb_21-yAs_yS₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
Vallouiseite	Ag₃Tl_21.5PbSb₆₃As_41.5S₁₇₀	Tric. 1 : P1

Structurally related to group(s):

Sartorite Group

A group of chemically and structurally very complex sulphosalts which are impossible to identify visually.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Protochabournéite associated with Arsiccioite	AgHg₂Tl(As,Sb)₂S₆
1 photo of Protochabournéite associated with Routhierite	Tl(Cu,Ag)(Hg,Zn)₂(As,Sb)₂S₆
1 photo of Protochabournéite associated with Native Sulphur	S₈

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.HD.	Enneasartorite	Tl₆Pb₃₂As₇₀S₁₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.	Shimenite	Tl₅Sb_21-yAs_yS₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.	Dewitite	Ag_zTl_10-x-zPb_2xSb_42-x-yAs_yS₆₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.	Buynite	TlPb₁₄As₁₇S₄₀	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.HD.	Vallouiseite	Ag₃Tl_21.5PbSb₆₃As_41.5S₁₇₀	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.	Giuşcăite	Ag₂Tl₄Pb₄As₂₀Sb₂S₄₀	Mon. m
2.HD.	Boscardinite	TlPb₄(Sb₇As₂)S₁₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.	Gungerite	TlAs₅Sb₄S₁₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn
2.HD.05e	Dalnegroite	(Tl₄Pb₂)(As₁₂Sb₈)S₃₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.05	Lorándite	TlAsS₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.05	Weissbergite	TlSbS₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.05e	Chabournéite	Ag_zTl_8-x-zPb_4+2xSb_40-x-yAs_yS₆₈ with 0.00 < x < 0.40(9), 16.15(3)< y < 19.11(10), 0.04(4) < z < 0.11(6)	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.15	Christite	TlHgAsS₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
2.HD.15	Markwelchite	TlPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.15	Richardsollyite	TlPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.20	Jankovićite	Tl₅Sb₉(As,Sb)₄S₂₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.25	Rebulite	Tl₅Sb₅As₈S₂₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.30	Imhofite	Tl_5.8As_15.4S₂₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.35	Edenharterite	PbTlAs₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
2.HD.40	Jentschite	TlPbAs₂SbS₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.45	Hutchinsonite	TlPbAs₅S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.HD.50	Bernardite	TlAs₅S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.55	Sicherite	TlAg₂(As,Sb)₃S₆	Orth.
2.HD.55	Geuerite	Ag₂Tl₄Pb₄As₂₂S₄₀	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.HD.60	Gabrielite	Tl₆Ag₃Cu₆(As,Sb)₉S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.HD.65	Tsygankoite	Mn₈Tl₈Hg₂(Sb₂₁Pb₂Tl)S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.HD.70	Drechslerite	Tl₄(Sb_4-xAs_x)S₈ (1 < x < 2)	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ProtochabournéiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-42840.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for ProtochabournéiteHide

Reference List:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 11. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2887-2893 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2887

(2016) Protochabournéite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2021) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) CNMNC Newsletter No 63. Mineralogical Magazine, 85 (6) 910-915 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.74

Kasatkin, A.V.; Stepanov, S.Yu.; Tsyganko, M.V.; Škoda, R.; Nestola, F.; Plàšil, J.; Makovicky, E.; Agakhanov, A.A.; Palamarchuk, R.S. (2022) Mineralogy of the Vorontsovskoe gold deposit (Northern Urals). МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ (MINERALOGY), 8 (1). 5-93 doi:10.35597/2313-545x-2022-8-1-1

Localities for ProtochabournéiteHide

Showing 3 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Gap La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar ⓘ Jas Roux	Bindi et al. (2024)

Italy
Tuscany Lucca Province Stazzema Sant'Anna di Stazzema ⓘ Monte Arsiccio Mine	Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sant'Olga tunnel (TL)	Orlandi et al. (2013)

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Protochabournéite

About ProtochabournéiteHide

Name EncodingHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of ProtochabournéiteHide

Classification of ProtochabournéiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of ProtochabournéiteHide

Optical Data of ProtochabournéiteHide

Chemistry of ProtochabournéiteHide

Crystallography of ProtochabournéiteHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ProtochabournéiteHide

Synonyms of ProtochabournéiteHide

Other Language Names for ProtochabournéiteHide

Relationship of Protochabournéite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for ProtochabournéiteHide

References for ProtochabournéiteHide

Localities for ProtochabournéiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide