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This study examines housing needs across the EU, focusing on inequalities in affordability, accessibility, and quality. It provides a mapping of the current housing needs in the EU across territories, including across Member States, rural and urban areas, outermost regions, and islands and across population groups. The study analyses key factors affecting housing demand and supply challenges, and the impacts of housing scarcity on health, education and employment. It also reviews how EU legislation ...

This study examines housing needs across the EU, focusing on inequalities in affordability, accessibility, and quality. It provides a mapping of the current housing needs in the EU across territories, including across Member States, rural and urban areas, outermost regions, and islands and across population groups. The study analyses key factors affecting housing demand and supply challenges, and the impacts of housing scarcity on health, education and employment. It also reviews how EU legislation ...

State of play - December 2025 This document provides an overview of the public hearings of the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank and the Chair of the Single Resolution Board in the ECON Committee during the 10th parliamentary term (since July 2024). The briefing lists all research papers requested by the ECON Committee, which are usually provided by a standing panel of banking experts, and lists all EGOV briefings related to the Banking Union. The annex gives an overview ...

Although it is a long-standing concept, the 28th regime was emphasised by Enrico Letta's report in 2024 as a major recommendation to reinforce the single market and remove internal barriers. The International Monetary Fund estimates that the persistent barriers to the EU single market still represented the equivalent of a 110 % tariff on services. The 28th regime, which has yet to be defined, would possibly be a specific legal framework that would govern various aspects of businesses that opt into ...

This paper is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), Christine Lagarde, which will take place on 3 December 2025. It covers the ESRB’s report on crypto-assets and decentralised finance, recent conclusions from the ESRB General Board meeting, the financial sector’s current risk outlook and broader systemic-risk and financial-stability concerns. The paper also analyses the role of money market funds (MMFs), the Commission’s proposed securitisation ...

Finanční služby jsou jedním ze základních kamenů vnitřního trhu s volným pohybem služeb a kapitálu, o jehož dokončení EU usiluje. Vývoj měl několik fází: 1. odstranění vnitrostátních překážek pro vstup na trh (1957–1973); 2. harmonizace vnitrostátních právních předpisů a politik (1973–1983); 3. dokončení vnitřního trhu (1983–1992); 4. vytvoření prostoru s jednotnou měnou (1993–2007); a 5. světová finanční krize a reforma v reakci na ni (od roku 2007).

Geopolitical risk is a peculiar type of risk for banks and it has gained in prominence recently. Yet, it is hard to grasp, and even more so to quantify. Three papers by academic experts that we have commissioned on behalf of the ECON Committee now provide important insights on geopolitical risk. This thematic briefing reviews the results of the three papers. The papers show the importance of this risk and report on the available evidence and the policy measures in place. They also point to some problems ...

Bankovní unie vychází z návrhu, který Evropská komise předložila v roce 2012 v reakci na celosvětovou finanční krizi a na způsob, kterým tato krize zasáhla EU. Klíčovou inovací bylo přenesení odpovědnosti za každodenní dohled nad největšími bankami v eurozóně z vnitrostátní na evropskou úroveň. Evropská centrální banka (ECB) byla pověřena úkoly v oblasti dohledu, které musela striktně oddělit od svých činností v oblasti měnové politiky. Na evropské úrovni byla zřízena další instituce, jejímž úkolem ...

The EU is facing the challenge of mobilising massive investments required to meet its strategic priorities and must find effective ways to finance them. In response, the European Commission published the savings and investments union (SIU) action plan on 19 March 2025, designed to channel EU savings into productive investments. This briefing presents an overview of the plan. The SIU was launched in the context of the Draghi and Letta reports, which set out recommendations for strengthening the EU's ...

Evropská centrální banka (ECB) je ústředním orgánem hospodářské a měnové unie a od 1. ledna 1999 odpovídá za provádění měnové politiky v rámci eurozóny. ECB a centrální banky členských států EU tvoří dohromady Evropský systém centrálních bank (ESCB). Prvořadým cílem ESCB je udržovat cenovou stabilitu. Od roku 2014 je ECB odpovědná za zvláštní úkoly týkající se politik obezřetnostního dohledu nad úvěrovými institucemi v rámci tzv. jednotného mechanismu dohledu.