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This study examines housing needs across the EU, focusing on inequalities in affordability, accessibility, and quality. It provides a mapping of the current housing needs in the EU across territories, including across Member States, rural and urban areas, outermost regions, and islands and across population groups. The study analyses key factors affecting housing demand and supply challenges, and the impacts of housing scarcity on health, education and employment. It also reviews how EU legislation ...

This study examines housing needs across the EU, focusing on inequalities in affordability, accessibility, and quality. It provides a mapping of the current housing needs in the EU across territories, including across Member States, rural and urban areas, outermost regions, and islands and across population groups. The study analyses key factors affecting housing demand and supply challenges, and the impacts of housing scarcity on health, education and employment. It also reviews how EU legislation ...

State of play - December 2025 This document provides an overview of the public hearings of the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank and the Chair of the Single Resolution Board in the ECON Committee during the 10th parliamentary term (since July 2024). The briefing lists all research papers requested by the ECON Committee, which are usually provided by a standing panel of banking experts, and lists all EGOV briefings related to the Banking Union. The annex gives an overview ...

Although it is a long-standing concept, the 28th regime was emphasised by Enrico Letta's report in 2024 as a major recommendation to reinforce the single market and remove internal barriers. The International Monetary Fund estimates that the persistent barriers to the EU single market still represented the equivalent of a 110 % tariff on services. The 28th regime, which has yet to be defined, would possibly be a specific legal framework that would govern various aspects of businesses that opt into ...

This paper is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), Christine Lagarde, which will take place on 3 December 2025. It covers the ESRB’s report on crypto-assets and decentralised finance, recent conclusions from the ESRB General Board meeting, the financial sector’s current risk outlook and broader systemic-risk and financial-stability concerns. The paper also analyses the role of money market funds (MMFs), the Commission’s proposed securitisation ...

Finansiella tjänster utgör en viktig del av EU:s insatser för att fullborda den inre marknaden inom ramen för den fria rörligheten för tjänster och kapital. Framsteg har kommit i olika faser enligt följande: 1) Avlägsnande av nationella inträdeshinder (1957–1973). 2) Harmonisering av nationell lagstiftning och politik (1973–1983). 3) Fullbordande av den inre marknaden (1983–1992). 4) Skapande av ett gemensamt valutaområde (1993–2007). 5) Den globala finanskrisen och reformerna efter krisen (från ...

Geopolitical risk is a peculiar type of risk for banks and it has gained in prominence recently. Yet, it is hard to grasp, and even more so to quantify. Three papers by academic experts that we have commissioned on behalf of the ECON Committee now provide important insights on geopolitical risk. This thematic briefing reviews the results of the three papers. The papers show the importance of this risk and report on the available evidence and the policy measures in place. They also point to some problems ...

Bankunionen bygger på ett förslag som Europeiska kommissionen lade fram 2012 som svar på den globala finanskrisen och de effekter som den fick i EU. Det verkligt nya i detta var att överföra ansvaret för den löpande tillsynen över de största bankerna i euroområdet från nationell till europeisk nivå. Europeiska centralbanken (ECB) fick i uppdrag att utföra tillsynsuppgifter som den måste hålla strikt åtskilda från sin penningpolitiska verksamhet. En annan institution – den gemensamma resolutionsnämnden ...

The EU is facing the challenge of mobilising massive investments required to meet its strategic priorities and must find effective ways to finance them. In response, the European Commission published the savings and investments union (SIU) action plan on 19 March 2025, designed to channel EU savings into productive investments. This briefing presents an overview of the plan. The SIU was launched in the context of the Draghi and Letta reports, which set out recommendations for strengthening the EU's ...

Europeiska centralbanken (ECB) är den centrala institutionen i Ekonomiska och monetära unionen och har sedan den 1 januari 1999 ansvaret för den monetära politiken i euroområdet. ECB och alla EU:s nationella centralbanker utgör tillsammans Europeiska centralbankssystemet (ECBS). Huvudmålet för ECBS är att upprätthålla prisstabilitet. Sedan 2014 har ECB haft ansvaret för uppgifter i samband med tillsynen över kreditinstitut inom ramen för den gemensamma tillsynsmekanismen.