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Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Kramer Borate deposit | Deposit |
| Boron | Town |
| Kern County | County |
| California | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
35° 2' 27'' North , 117° 41' 13'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Deposit first discovered:
1913
Kรถppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Boron | 2,253 (2011) | 5.8km |
| North Edwards | 1,058 (2011) | 13.5km |
| Edwards Air Force Base | 2,063 (2013) | 26.5km |
| California City | 13,277 (2017) | 28.7km |
| Johannesburg | 172 (2011) | 37.2km |
Owned/operated by:
U.S. Borax (100%) - a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Group
A large B-As-Sb-clay deposit located in secs. 19, 23 & 24, T11N, R8W, SBM, approximately 7 miles (ca. 11 km) NW of Kramer and 4 miles (6.44 km) NW of Boron. The MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 10 meters.
Discovered in 1913 by Dr. John K. Suckow. Suckow discovered colemanite when drilling a water well. In 1925, a second water well discovered a huge deposit of borax. Initial production occurred in 1927 and continues. Owned and operated by U.S. Borax (a subsidiary of RTZ Borax Ltd. of RTZ Corp. PLC (London, UK)), Los Angeles, California (end of 1992). Listed as "Kramer Borate deposit" by the USGS-MRDS database. The name was changed to the USGS name to prevent confusion with the other "Kramer pit" (MAS No. 0060290688). Listed in MAS and not on the USGS list (June 1994).
Mineralization is a sedimentary deposit (Deposit model: Model code: 260; USGS model code 35b.3; Deposit model name: lacustrine borates), hosted in the Tank Hill Limestone, Ricardo Formation shale, claystone, sandstone and volcanic ash. The orebody is generally lenticular in form with a dip of 10-15ยฐ SE at a thickness of 91.44 meters, a depth-to-top of 91.44 meters, a width of 804.65 meters and a length of 3,218.6 meters. Controls for ore emplacement included a structurally closed basin and the presence of B-bearing thermal springs during deposition. The deposit was buried by 1,000 to 2,000 meters of continental sediments, although much of this material had been removed by erosion and subsequent uplift. The shale is greenish. Associated rocks include Pliocene-Miocene Saddleback . Local rocks include Quaternary alluvium and marine deposits.
The ore layer extends over 500 acres. The deposit is a roughly lenticular crystalline mass of borax and kernite containing interbedded claystone. The deposit is completely enveloped by ulexite-bearing shales. Studies have indicated that the borates were deposited in a small structural, non-marine basin associated with thermal spring activity. The deposit consistently grades 10 to 30% BโOโ, and very few other salts occur with the borates. Only borax, kernite, and minor tincalconite are exploited. The overburden thickness ranges from 60 to 150 meters (1992).
Local structures include a downwarped ancient lake bed, a folded and faulted structural basin, and the Portal Fault (strikes west). Related tectonic structures include the west-central Mojave Desert.
Workings included surface and underground openings, with the underground openings subsequently being subsumed by the open-pit mining operations.
Production data are found in World Mining Developments 1979-19: 419.
Reserve-resource data are found in Kistler and Smith (1985) and in Roskill (1993).
99%+ of all the specimens from this deposit have come from the open pit mine. Very few specimens exist or can be verified from any of the underground mines in the deposit that were operated before the open pit mine began. The exception to this are the many specimens of borax crystals that were almost exclusively from the underground sections of the deposit, and probably the majority of those were collected from shallow flooded stopes in the West Baker mine. Almost all of these specimens have long since dehydrated to white tincalconite pseudomorphs after borax and have fallen apart and been thrown out. Each year, for many years, the company has collected fresh borax specimens from the underground for the benefit of the local gem and mineral society, which are sold at their annual show. Also, most of the ulexite "clam shells" were collected from the overhead shale underground in the West Baker mine. Almost all other specimens have been collected from the open pit mine itself or from the dumps that lie mostly to the north of the mine.
Analytical data results: Averaged 25% BโOโ.
Discovered in 1913 by Dr. John K. Suckow. Suckow discovered colemanite when drilling a water well. In 1925, a second water well discovered a huge deposit of borax. Initial production occurred in 1927 and continues. Owned and operated by U.S. Borax (a subsidiary of RTZ Borax Ltd. of RTZ Corp. PLC (London, UK)), Los Angeles, California (end of 1992). Listed as "Kramer Borate deposit" by the USGS-MRDS database. The name was changed to the USGS name to prevent confusion with the other "Kramer pit" (MAS No. 0060290688). Listed in MAS and not on the USGS list (June 1994).
Mineralization is a sedimentary deposit (Deposit model: Model code: 260; USGS model code 35b.3; Deposit model name: lacustrine borates), hosted in the Tank Hill Limestone, Ricardo Formation shale, claystone, sandstone and volcanic ash. The orebody is generally lenticular in form with a dip of 10-15ยฐ SE at a thickness of 91.44 meters, a depth-to-top of 91.44 meters, a width of 804.65 meters and a length of 3,218.6 meters. Controls for ore emplacement included a structurally closed basin and the presence of B-bearing thermal springs during deposition. The deposit was buried by 1,000 to 2,000 meters of continental sediments, although much of this material had been removed by erosion and subsequent uplift. The shale is greenish. Associated rocks include Pliocene-Miocene Saddleback . Local rocks include Quaternary alluvium and marine deposits.
The ore layer extends over 500 acres. The deposit is a roughly lenticular crystalline mass of borax and kernite containing interbedded claystone. The deposit is completely enveloped by ulexite-bearing shales. Studies have indicated that the borates were deposited in a small structural, non-marine basin associated with thermal spring activity. The deposit consistently grades 10 to 30% BโOโ, and very few other salts occur with the borates. Only borax, kernite, and minor tincalconite are exploited. The overburden thickness ranges from 60 to 150 meters (1992).
Local structures include a downwarped ancient lake bed, a folded and faulted structural basin, and the Portal Fault (strikes west). Related tectonic structures include the west-central Mojave Desert.
Workings included surface and underground openings, with the underground openings subsequently being subsumed by the open-pit mining operations.
Production data are found in World Mining Developments 1979-19: 419.
Reserve-resource data are found in Kistler and Smith (1985) and in Roskill (1993).
99%+ of all the specimens from this deposit have come from the open pit mine. Very few specimens exist or can be verified from any of the underground mines in the deposit that were operated before the open pit mine began. The exception to this are the many specimens of borax crystals that were almost exclusively from the underground sections of the deposit, and probably the majority of those were collected from shallow flooded stopes in the West Baker mine. Almost all of these specimens have long since dehydrated to white tincalconite pseudomorphs after borax and have fallen apart and been thrown out. Each year, for many years, the company has collected fresh borax specimens from the underground for the benefit of the local gem and mineral society, which are sold at their annual show. Also, most of the ulexite "clam shells" were collected from the overhead shale underground in the West Baker mine. Almost all other specimens have been collected from the open pit mine itself or from the dumps that lie mostly to the north of the mine.
Analytical data results: Averaged 25% BโOโ.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities87 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| โ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Description: Occurs as subhedral to anhedral grains in the tuff beds bordering the main sodium borate beds. |
| โ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Localities: Description: Tuffs alter to analcime with the texture of crystal sand in the shale envelope surrounding the borate orebody. Tuffs 50 to 100 feet above the orebody contain crystals of analcime up to 0.5 mm that fill fractures and cavities. |
| โ Anorthite Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| โ Anorthite var. Labradorite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| โ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A |
| โ 'Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Description: Constituent of phosphatic material of fossil bones. |
| โ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Description: Comprises fossil shells in shales underlying the borate deposit. |
| โ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite Formula: (Ca,Sr)CO3 Description: Comprises fossil shells in shales underlying the borate deposit. |
| โ Arsenolite Formula: As2O3 |
| โ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| โ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Colour: Bluish; pink (microscopic spikes) Description: Occurs as tabular crystals to 3 mm long and microscopic spikes on colemanite. |
| โ Barytocalcite Formula: BaCa(CO3)2 Description: Rounded grains. |
| โ Berthierite Formula: FeSb2S4 Localities: Habit: Fibrous Colour: Iridescent purplish Description: Occurs as fibrous material with colemanite and as spherules up to 2.5 mm in borax; as flakes in kernite and borax. |
| โ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Localities: Description: Euhedral to subhedral crystals common. |
| โ Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O Colour: Blackish to brown Description: Occurs as specks on colemanite. |
| โ Borax Formula: Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O Localities: Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA West Baker Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Unnamed Pumice quarry [3], West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Colour: Colourless to yellow Description: Occurs in many forms of crystals in and above the main ore beds; also occurs in vugs as crystals. |
| โ Carnotite Formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O Description: Occurs with opal as fracture coatings in sandy clay of the Ricardo Formation. |
| โ 'Chabazite' Locality: Unnamed Pumice quarry [3], West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA References: |
| โ Chabazite-Na Formula: (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| โ 'Chlorite Group' |
| โ 'Clay minerals' |
| โ Clinoptilolite-Na Formula: Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| โ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup' Formula: (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O Localities: Description: Occurs with dominant phillipsite in tuff beds above the borate orebody. |
| โ Colemanite Formula: Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O |
| โ Copiapite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| โ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| โ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ Epsomite Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O Description: Occurs as silky, curling, fibrous crystals. |
| โ 'Erionite Subgroup' Formula: M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| โ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' |
| โ 'Feldspar Group' |
| โช Gaidonnayite Formula: Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O Habit: 1mm rosettes of thin-bladed monoclinic crystals Colour: clear Description: Found in saponite covered vesicles in Saddleback Mountain basalt samples originated from the pit decades ago. Associated with octahedral-like dipyramidal calcite and gmelinite-Na. References: |
| โ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| โ Garrelsite Formula: Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 Colour: Colourless Description: A few subhedal grains (0.1 x 0.6 mm) occurred in ulexite in the B-zone above the lower ore. |
| โ Gerstleyite (TL) Formula: Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O Localities: Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ Gmelinite-Na Formula: Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| โ 'Gmelinite Subgroup' |
| โ Greigite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2S4 |
| โ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| โ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Description: Occurs poorly developed in the open pit. |
| โ Gypsum var. Selenite Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Colour: Colourless Description: Occurs as scaly masses and incrustations in clay surrounding the deposit. |
| โ Halite Formula: NaCl Description: Occurs as efflorescences. |
| โ Harmotome Formula: Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O Locality: Unnamed Pumice quarry [3], West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Habit: elongated, twinned Colour: clear, sometimes milky Description: Raman suggested it could be merlinoite, but XRD determined otherwise.
EDS results: Ba:Ca ratio 5:2, Al:Si ratio 9:23 References: |
| โ Hectorite Formula: Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 Localities: Description: Material has a high Li content. |
| โ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Description: Occurs in claystone and in basalt float. |
| โ Heulandite-Na Formula: (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| โ 'Heulandite Subgroup' Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| โ Hisingerite Formula: Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O Localities: Colour: Black to reddish brown Description: Occurs as a thin glassy coating on joint-crack surfaces of basalt. |
| โ 'Hornblende Root Name Group' Formula: ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 Colour: Greenish Description: Basaltic; elongate crystals in ulexite. |
| โ Howlite Formula: Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 Localities: Description: Occurs as sparse cauliflower-like nodules in the clay or siltstone envelope of the Na-borate orebody; at one location, thin platy crystals to 0.15 mm occur in nodules of colemanite. |
| โ Hydroboracite Formula: CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O Localities: Habit: Fibrous Description: Occurs sparingly as fibrous, crystalline masses. |
| โ 'Hypersthene' Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Description: Occurs as crystals to 1.5 mm in vesicles of basalt float. |
| โ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Colour: Blackish Description: Occurs as grains in the siltstone bed. |
| โ Inderite Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O Localities: Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Colour: Colourless to yellowish Description: Occurs often with, and sometimes intergrown with, kurnakovite; as elongate, glassy prisms from pencil-lead size or smaller (5 cm or 2 inches) or more diameter and greater than 30 cm (12 inches) long (usually broken in situ). |
| โ Inyoite Formula: Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O Localities: Description: Rare but found in fine single crystals. |
| โ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| โ Kernite Formula: Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O Localities: Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ 'K Feldspar' Description: Occurs as remnants of euhedral and subhedral grains being replaced by borax in borax crystals and massive borates. References: |
| โ Kurnakovite Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O Localities: Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Description: Occurs above the main horizon as irregular masses to several hundred pounds; as crystal clusters, and as single crystals to 30 cm (12 inches) diameter. |
| โ Lepidocrocite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) Colour: Reddish brown Description: Occurs as a powdery alteration of hypersthene in basalt float in the overburden of the deposit. |
| โ 'Limonite' |
| โ Mackinawite Formula: FeS Description: Occurs as a constituent of the Saddleback basalt. References: |
| โ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Locality: Unnamed Pumice quarry [3], West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Habit: hexagonal, tabular platelet bunches in volcanic rock vesicles, beveled on edges Colour: clear, milky, sometimes zoned |
| โ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| โช Mazzite-Na (TL) Formula: Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O Type Locality: Habit: Acicular Colour: White References: |
| โ 'Melnikovite' Description: Occurs as micro-particles of highly magnetic material disseminated throughout the clay-shale portion of the deposit. Occurs in nodules of kurnakovite and colemanite above the main orebody. |
| โ Metacinnabar Formula: HgS Colour: Black Description: Occurs as a thin black coating on a specimen of clay. |
| โ Meyerhofferite Formula: CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O |
| โ 'Mica Group' |
| โ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| โ Mirabilite Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O Localities: Description: Occurs as furry growths in old underground workings; also in the borate beds. Single acicular crystals to 30 cm (12 inches) long. |
| โ 'Monazite Group' Formula: REE(PO4) |
| โ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| โ Mordenite Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| โ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| โ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 Description: The second most abundant clay at the deposit. |
| โ Native Arsenic Formula: As |
| โ Native Sulphur Formula: S8 Colour: Yellow Description: Occurs as minute crystals in the main orebody. |
| โ Natrojarosite Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| โ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| โ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Localities: Colour: Brownish to gray, white Description: Occurs as masses up to 3 cm; some dense, white material, apparently pseudomorphic after ulexite. |
| โ Orpiment Formula: As2S3 Description: Occurs included within borate minerals. References: |
| โ Pararealgar Formula: As4S4 Description: listed as "orpiment" in the reference, with the comment that the material visually resembles orpiment, but X-ray and optical studies show that this forms as an alteration product of realgar; i.e. pararealgar. |
| โ Phillipsite-Na Formula: (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| โ 'Phillipsite Subgroup' Formula: (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| โ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| โ Probertite (TL) Formula: NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O Localities: Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ Pseudobrookite Formula: Fe3+2Ti4+O5 Habit: Tabular to bladed Colour: Dark reddish brown Description: Occurs as crystals to 1 mm long in vesicles of red basalt float. References: |
| โ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Description: Occurs as minute cubes in joint cracks in a dense black basalt underlying the deposit. Also occurs as minute brassy crystals in nodules and geodes of calcite. References: |
| โ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| โ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| โ Realgar Formula: As4S4 Localities: Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Description: Small amounts occur with borax and kernite; abundant chiefly in the borax of the upper ore. |
| โ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 |
| โ Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
| โ Saponite Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Colour: green, brownish, black |
| โ Sassolite Formula: H3BO3 Localities: California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Colour: Colourless; pearly-white Description: Thin, small flakes as crystals in siltstone. |
| โ Searlesite Formula: Na(H2BSi2O7) Localities: Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Mudd Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ Sideronatrite Formula: Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O Colour: Pale yellow Description: Occurs as efflorescent clusters of needle-like crystals to 1.5 mm. |
| โ Smythite Formula: (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) Localities: Colour: Silvery-white to brassy-black, black Description: Occurs as scales of rosettes of highly magnetic material on hisingerite in joint cracks of a dense black basalt underlying a portion of the deposit; also as shining black hexagonal platelets in vesicles of a vuggy basalt. Also occurs infrequently as inclusions in kernite and as disseminated grains or coatings on shear surfaces in claystone of the lower shale member. |
| โ Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 |
| โ 'Stilbite Subgroup' Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| โ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 Colour: Yellowish tan and greenish gray to blackish Description: Occurs as masses of fibers to 2.5 cm (1 inch). |
| โ Thรฉnardite Formula: Na2SO4 |
| โ Tincalconite Formula: Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O Localities: Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA California Borate Company property, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Baker Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ Titanite Formula: CaTiO(SiO4) |
| โ Todorokite Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O References: |
| โ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| โ Tridymite Formula: SiO2 |
| โ Tunellite (TL) Formula: SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O Localities: |
| โ Ulexite Formula: NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O Localities: Jenifer Mine, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA Unnamed Pumice quarry [3], West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA West Baker Mine, West Baker, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA |
| โ 'Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)' Formula: (Sb,S) |
| โ Veatchite Formula: Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O |
| โ Wardsmithite Formula: Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O Localities: Description: found with montmorillonite near bottom of pit |
| โ Witherite Formula: BaCO3 Colour: White Description: Rounded pellets. |
| โ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| โ | Native Arsenic | 1.CA.05 | As |
| โ | Native Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| โ | Metacinnabar | 2.CB.05a | HgS |
| โ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| โ | Smythite | 2.CC.10 | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| โ | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
| โ | Greigite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2S4 |
| โ | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| โ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| โ | Realgar | 2.FA.15a | As4S4 |
| โ | Pararealgar | 2.FA.15b | As4S4 |
| โ | Orpiment | 2.FA.30 | As2S3 |
| โ | Berthierite | 2.HA.20 | FeSb2S4 |
| โ | Gerstleyite (TL) | 2.HE.05 | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 ยท 2H2O |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| โ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| โ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| โ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| โ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| โ | Pseudobrookite | 4.CB.15 | Fe3+2Ti4+O5 |
| โ | Arsenolite | 4.CB.50 | As2O3 |
| โ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| โ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 ยท nH2O |
| โ | Tridymite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
| โ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| โ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 ยท 3-4H2O |
| โ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| โ | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 ยท 1.5H2O |
| โ | Carnotite | 4.HB.05 | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 ยท 3H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| โ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| โ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| โ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| โ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| โ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| โ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
| โ | Witherite | 5.AB.15 | BaCO3 |
| โ | Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| โ | Barytocalcite | 5.AB.45 | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| โ | Sassolite | 6.AA.05 | H3BO3 |
| โ | Inderite | 6.CA.15 | MgB3O3(OH)5 ยท 5H2O |
| โ | Kurnakovite | 6.CA.20 | MgB3O3(OH)5 ยท 5H2O |
| โ | Meyerhofferite | 6.CA.30 | CaB3O3(OH)5 ยท H2O |
| โ | Inyoite | 6.CA.35 | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) ยท 4H2O |
| โ | Colemanite | 6.CB.10 | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] ยท H2O |
| โ | Hydroboracite | 6.CB.15 | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 ยท 3H2O |
| โ | Howlite | 6.CB.20 | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| โ | Borax | 6.DA.10 | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 ยท 8H2O |
| โ | Tincalconite | 6.DA.15 | Na2(B4O7) ยท 5H2O |
| โ | Kernite | 6.DB.05 | Na2[B4O6(OH)2] ยท 3H2O |
| โ | Ulexite | 6.EA.25 | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] ยท 5H2O |
| โ | Probertite (TL) | 6.EB.15 | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] ยท 3H2O |
| โ | Veatchite | 6.EC.15 | Sr2B11O16(OH)5 ยท H2O |
| โ | Tunellite (TL) | 6.FC.05 | SrB6O9(OH)2 ยท 3H2O |
| โ | Wardsmithite | 6.H0.25 | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 ยท 30H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| โ | Thรฉnardite | 7.AD.25 | Na2SO4 |
| โ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| โ | Natrojarosite | 7.BC.10 | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| โ | Epsomite | 7.CB.40 | MgSO4 ยท 7H2O |
| โ | Mirabilite | 7.CD.10 | Na2SO4 ยท 10H2O |
| โ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | var. Selenite | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | var. Satin Spar Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | Copiapite | 7.DB.35 | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 ยท 20H2O |
| โ | Sideronatrite | 7.DF.20 | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) ยท 3H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| โ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| โ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| โ | Garrelsite | 9.AJ.15 | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| โ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| โ | Gaidonnayite | 9.DM.15 | Na2Zr(Si3O9) ยท 2H2O |
| โ | Muscovite var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| โ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| โ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| โ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| โ | Hectorite | 9.EC.45 | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| โ | Saponite | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| โ | var. Iron-bearing Saponite | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O |
| โ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| โ | Hisingerite | 9.ED.10 | Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | Searlesite | 9.EF.15 | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| โ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| โ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| โ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| โ | var. Labradorite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| โ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) ยท H2O |
| โ | Harmotome | 9.GC.10 | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 ยท 12H2O |
| โ | Phillipsite-Na | 9.GC.10 | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] ยท 12H2O |
| โ | Mazzite-Na (TL) | 9.GC.20 | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 ยท 30H2O |
| โ | Gmelinite-Na | 9.GD.05 | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 ยท 11H2O |
| โ | Chabazite-Na | 9.GD.10 | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 ยท 12H2O |
| โ | Mordenite | 9.GD.35 | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 ยท 28H2O |
| โ | Clinoptilolite-Na | 9.GE.05 | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 ยท 20H2O |
| โ | Heulandite-Na | 9.GE.05 | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 ยท 22H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| โ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| โ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| โ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| โ | 'Clay minerals' | - | |
| โ | 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] ยท 20H2O |
| โ | 'Erionite Subgroup' | - | M2[Al4Si14O36] ยท 15H2O |
| โ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| โ | 'Gmelinite Subgroup' | - | |
| โ | 'Heulandite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] ยท nH2O |
| โ | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| โ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| โ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| โ | 'Phillipsite Subgroup' | - | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| โ | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] ยท nH2O |
| โ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| โ | 'Melnikovite' | - | |
| โ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| โ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| โ | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | โปCa2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| โ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| โ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| โ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| โ | 'var. Carbonate-rich Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| โ | 'Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)' | - | (Sb,S) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | โ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | โ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| H | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| H | โ Colemanite | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O |
| H | โ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| H | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | โ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| H | โ Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| H | โ Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| H | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| H | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| H | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| H | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| H | โ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Howlite | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| H | โ Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O |
| H | โ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | โ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| H | โ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| H | โ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | โ Kernite | Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O |
| H | โ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| H | โ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | โ Meyerhofferite | CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O |
| H | โ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| H | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| H | โ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | โ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| H | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | โ Probertite | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O |
| H | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | โ Sassolite | H3BO3 |
| H | โ Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| H | โ Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| H | โ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| H | โ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| H | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | โ Tunellite | SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| H | โ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| H | โ Veatchite | Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O |
| H | โ Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| H | โ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| H | โ Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| H | โ Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| H | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| H | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| H | โ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| H | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | โ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| B | โ Colemanite | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O |
| B | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| B | โ Howlite | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| B | โ Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O |
| B | โ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| B | โ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| B | โ Kernite | Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O |
| B | โ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| B | โ Meyerhofferite | CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O |
| B | โ Probertite | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O |
| B | โ Sassolite | H3BO3 |
| B | โ Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| B | โ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| B | โ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | โ Tunellite | SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| B | โ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| B | โ Veatchite | Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O |
| B | โ Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | โ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | โ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| C | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | โ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | โ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| C | โ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| C | โ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | โ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | โ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | โ Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| O | โ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | โ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | โ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| O | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | โ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | โ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| O | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| O | โ Colemanite | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O |
| O | โ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| O | โ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | โ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| O | โ Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| O | โ Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| O | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| O | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| O | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| O | โ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| O | โ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Howlite | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| O | โ Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O |
| O | โ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| O | โ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | โ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | โ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| O | โ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| O | โ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | โ Kernite | Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O |
| O | โ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| O | โ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | โ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | โ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | โ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | โ Meyerhofferite | CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O |
| O | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | โ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| O | โ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| O | โ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | โ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| O | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | โ Probertite | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O |
| O | โ Pseudobrookite | Fe23+Ti4+O5 |
| O | โ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | โ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | โ Sassolite | H3BO3 |
| O | โ Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| O | โ Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| O | โ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| O | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | โ Thรฉnardite | Na2SO4 |
| O | โ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| O | โ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| O | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | โ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | โ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| O | โ Tunellite | SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| O | โ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| O | โ Veatchite | Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O |
| O | โ Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| O | โ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| O | โ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | โ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| O | โ Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| O | โ Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| O | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| O | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| O | โ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| O | โ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| O | โ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | โ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| O | โ Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| O | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| F | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | โ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | โ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Na | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| Na | โ Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| Na | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| Na | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| Na | โ Halite | NaCl |
| Na | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Na | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Na | โ Kernite | Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O |
| Na | โ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | โ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| Na | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Na | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | โ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Na | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| Na | โ Probertite | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O |
| Na | โ Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| Na | โ Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Na | โ Thรฉnardite | Na2SO4 |
| Na | โ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| Na | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | โ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Na | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Na | โ Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| Na | โ Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| Na | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| Na | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Na | โ Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | โ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | โ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | โ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| Mg | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Mg | โ Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O |
| Mg | โ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Mg | โ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| Mg | โ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| Mg | โ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | โ Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| Mg | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Mg | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | โ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | โ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | โ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| Al | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | โ Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| Al | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Al | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Al | โ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | โ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | โ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Al | โ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| Al | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | โ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Al | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Al | โ Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| Al | โ Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| Al | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| Al | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Al | โ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Al | โ Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | โ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | โ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | โ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| Si | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | โ Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| Si | โ Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| Si | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| Si | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Si | โ Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Si | โ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | โ Howlite | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| Si | โ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Si | โ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | โ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | โ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Si | โ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | โ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| Si | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | โ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | โ Searlesite | Na(H2BSi2O7) |
| Si | โ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Si | โ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Si | โ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| Si | โ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Si | โ Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| Si | โ Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| Si | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| Si | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Si | โ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Si | โ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Si | โ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | โ Mazzite-Na | Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | โ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| P | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | โ Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| S | โ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| S | โ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| S | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| S | โ Greigite | Fe2+Fe23+S4 |
| S | โ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | โ Mackinawite | FeS |
| S | โ Metacinnabar | HgS |
| S | โ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| S | โ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | โ Orpiment | As2S3 |
| S | โ Pararealgar | As4S4 |
| S | โ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | โ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | โ Realgar | As4S4 |
| S | โ Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| S | โ Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| S | โ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | โ Native Sulphur | S8 |
| S | โ Thรฉnardite | Na2SO4 |
| S | โ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | โ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | โ Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide) | (Sb,S) |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | โ Halite | NaCl |
| Cl | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | โ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| K | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| K | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| K | โ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | โ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| K | โ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| K | โ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| K | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| K | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | โ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ca | โ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | โ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | โ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| Ca | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | โ Clinoptilolite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)3-6[Al6-7Si29-30O72] · 20H2O |
| Ca | โ Colemanite | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O |
| Ca | โ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | โ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | โ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Ca | โ Howlite | Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 |
| Ca | โ Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | โ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| Ca | โ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | โ Meyerhofferite | CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O |
| Ca | โ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Ca | โ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| Ca | โ Probertite | NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O |
| Ca | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | โ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ca | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | โ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Ca | โ Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| Ca | โ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Ca | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | โ Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| Ca | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Ca | โ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | โ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Ca | โ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| Ca | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | โ Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | โ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | โ Pseudobrookite | Fe23+Ti4+O5 |
| Ti | โ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | โ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | โ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | โ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | โ Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| Fe | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | โ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Fe | โ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | โ Greigite | Fe2+Fe23+S4 |
| Fe | โ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | โ Hisingerite | Fe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | โ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Fe | โ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | โ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | โ Mackinawite | FeS |
| Fe | โ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | โ Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | โ Pseudobrookite | Fe23+Ti4+O5 |
| Fe | โ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | โ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | โ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | โ Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Fe | โ Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| Fe | โ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | โ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | โ Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | โ Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| As | โ Native Arsenic | As |
| As | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| As | โ Orpiment | As2S3 |
| As | โ Pararealgar | As4S4 |
| As | โ Realgar | As4S4 |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| Sr | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Sr | โ Tunellite | SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| Sr | โ Veatchite | Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O |
| Sr | โ Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Sr | โ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | โ Gaidonnayite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| Zr | โ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | โ Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| Sb | โ Gerstleyite | Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O |
| Sb | โ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | โ Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide) | (Sb,S) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | โ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| Ba | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | โ Garrelsite | Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 |
| Ba | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Ba | โ Phillipsite Subgroup | (Ca0.5,K,Na,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] . 12H2O |
| Ba | โ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ba | โ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| Ba | โ Phillipsite-Na | (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | โ Metacinnabar | HgS |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | โ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10080426 |
|---|---|
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10284982 |
Localities in this Region
- California
- Kern County
- Boron
- Kern County
- California
- Kern County
- Boron
- Kramer Borate deposit
- Boron
- Kern County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Basin and Range BasinsBasin
- Mojave DomainDomain
- Southern Basin and RangeWide Rift
USA
- California
- Kern County
- Kramer Borate Mining DistrictMining District
- Kern County
- Mojave DesertDesert
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References
(n.d.) Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file #0060291052
Murdoch, Joseph (1945) Probertite from Los Angeles County, California. American Mineralogist, 30 (11-12) 719-721
Frondel, Clifford, Morgan, Vincent (1956) Inderite and gerstleyite from the Kramer borate district, Kern County, California. American Mineralogist, 41 (11-12) 839-843
Frondel, Clifford, Morgan, Vincent, Waugh, J. L. T. (1956) Lesserite, a new borate mineral. American Mineralogist, 41 (11-12) 927-928
Smith, G. L., Almond, H., Sawyer, D. L. (1958) Sassolite from the Kramer borate district, California. American Mineralogist, 43 (11-12) 1068-1078
Christ, C. L., Garrels, R. M. (1959) Relations among sodium borate hydrates at the Kramer deposit, Boron, California. American Journal of Science, 257 (7) 516-528 doi:10.2475/ajs.257.7.516
Schaller, W. T., Mrose, M. E. (1960) The naming of the hydrous magnesium borate minerals from Boron, California - A preliminary note. American Mineralogist, 45 (5-6) 732-733
Hay, Richard L. (1964) Phillipsite of saline lakes and soils. American Mineralogist, 49 (9-10) 1366-1387 p.1367
Dibblee, Thomas W. (1967) Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California. Professional Paper 522. US Geological Survey 153 pp. doi:10.3133/pp522 pages 126-127, 522
Smith, Ward C. (1968) Borax solution at Kramer, California. Economic Geology, 63 (8) 877-883 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.8.877
Siefke, J.W. (1979) Slope stability and related geology, kramer sodium borate ore body, boron, California. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 16 (2). 41pp. doi:10.1016/0148-9062(79)91657-7
Swihart, George H., McBay, Eddy H., Smith, David H., Siefke, Joseph W. (1996) A boron isotopic study of a mineralogically zoned lacustrine borate deposit: The Kramer deposit, California, U.S.A. Chemical Geology, 127 (1) 241-250 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(95)00094-1
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Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA